摘要：The influence of complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines becomes more and more significant with the increasing turbine inlet temperature. However, classical through-flow methods did not take into account the influence of the interaction caused by air cooling. The aerodynamic design and cooling design of cooled turbines were carried out separately, and the iterations between the aerodynamic design and cooling design led to a long design period and raised the design cost. To shorten the design period and decrease the design cost, this paper proposes a concise aero-thermal coupled through-flow method for the design of cooled turbines, taking into account the influence of the complicated interaction between the flow field and heat transfer in cooled turbines. The governing equations, such as energy equation and continuity equation in classical through-flow method are re-derived theoretically by considering the historical influence of cooling with the same method that deals with viscous losses in this paper. A cooling model is developed in this method. The cooled blade is split into a number of heat transfer elements, and the heat transfer is studied element by element along both the span and the chord in detail. This paper applies the method in the design of a two-stage axial turbine, of which the first stator is cooled with convective cooling. With the prescribed blade temperature limitation and the knowledge of the flow variables of the mainstream at the turbine inlet, such as the total pressure, total temperature and mass flow rate, the convergence of the calculation is then obtained and the properties of the flow field, velocity triangles and coolant requirement are well predicted. The calculated results prove that the aero-thermal coupled through-flow method is a reliable tool for flow analysis and coolant requirement prediction in the design of cooled turbines.

摘要：Cooling water is an important part in a Spallation Neutron Source target cooling system, but the unstable vortexes at the exits of the slits between every two tungsten target slices have a negative impact on the stable running of the target system. We apply the field synergy principle for fluid flow to obtain the optimal flow field, which has a uniform velocity distribution without eddy, and then, optimize the geometrical structure of the cooling water flow channel based on the optimal flow field. The results show that when the cooling water flows in the optimized channel, the eddy sizes decrease, the time fluctuations of velocity and pressure almost vanish, and the volume flow rates of the cooling water in each parallel slit are uniform. Therefore, it effectively improves the running stability of the target system with the premise of satisfying the target heat load.

摘要：upflow 模式膜更少微生物引起的燃料房间(ML-MFC ) 为废水处理被设计。小粒的石墨电极，在尺寸灵活，在 ML-MFC 被采用。当 biocatalyst 和人工的废水作为底层被测试，在厌氧的激活的污泥在场的微生物被使用。在电气化学地活跃的微生物丰富阶段期间， 536 mW 路 m 的稳定的力量产量 ? 3 被在批模式跑的 ML-MFC 与阳极体积的参考产生。在 ML-MFC 从批模式被改变到通常连续的模式以后，电压产量从 203 mV 减少了到大约 190 mV，显示那 planktonic 在 ML-MFC 的电气化学地活跃的细菌的紧张可以与自河一起被移走。周期的 voltammograms 证明依附的微生物比 planktonic 微生物拥有了更高的 bioelectrochemical 活动。到阴极的强迫的通风显然有益于电产生。更高的喂率和更长的电极距离两个都增加了电产生。coulombic 收益在整个学习是不超过 20% ，它是比有膜的 MFC 的低的。从阴极传播到阳极的溶解的氧可以消费底层的部分，这被建议。

摘要：The characteristics of oxy-coal combustion for a swirl burner with a specially designed preheating chamber are studied *** order to increase the accuracy in the prediction of flame temperature and ignition position,eddy dissipation concept(EDC)model with a skeletal chemical reaction mechanism was adopted to describe the combustion of volatile *** was conducted under six oxidant stream conditions with different O2/N2/CO2molar ratios:21/79/0,30/70/0,50/50/0,21/0/79,30/0/70 and 50/0/*** showed that O2enrichment in the primary oxidant stream is in favor of combustion stabilization,acceleration of ignition and increase of maximum flame temperature,while the full substitution of N2by CO2in the oxidant stream delays ignition and decreases the maximum flame ***,the overall flow field and flame shapes in these cases are very similar at the same flow rate of the primary oxidant *** characteristics of the air-coal is similar to that of the oxy-coal with 30%O2and 70%CO2in the oxidant stream,indicating that the rear condition is suitable for retrofitting an air-coal fired boiler to an oxy-coal *** swirl burner with a specially designed preheating chamber can increase flame temperature,accelerate ignition and enhance burning intensity of pulverized coal under oxy-coal ***,qualitative experimental validation indicated the burner can reduce the overall NOx emission under certain O2enrichment and oxy-coal combustion conditions against the air-coal combustion.

摘要：为解决高温部件的散热问题,流动沸腾技术被广泛应用于大功率设备热管理领域,采用多孔涂层和多孔材料可以进一步提高换热效果.与通道中的沸腾过程不同,由于孔隙-喉道结构复杂、流体流动方向随机性大,多孔结构内气固液三相作用规律尚不明确,换热面存在液体蒸干、壁温飞升、材料烧毁等风险.为深入研究微多孔结构内部流动沸腾传热性能,本文搭建了微观模型可视化实验系统,以揭示多孔介质内束缚水的运移机理,并量化相变过程中束缚水的运输形式及其对流动沸腾的影响规律.利用激光诱导荧光和粒子追踪技术获得了液膜在多孔骨架表面的运动速度.通过理论分析,作者发现薄液膜流动受到相邻两液桥间毛细压力差驱动,且毛细效应引起的液桥和薄液膜流动对冷却液向受热表面的输送起着重要作用.进而作者提出了一种孔喉尺寸在10~90μm的不规则多孔结构.该结构实现了传热系数5%~10%的提高,同时压降降低了5%~23%,有助于维持冷却系统高效稳定运行,为多孔材料强化流动沸腾表面结构的设计提供了重要参考.