摘要：Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy ***,the sluggish cathode kinetics results in high overvoltage and poor cycling ***(Ru)-based electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be promising cathode catalysts to promote oxygen evolution reaction(OER).It facilitates decomposition of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))by adjusting Li_(2)O_(2) morphologies,which is due to the strong interaction between Ru-based catalyst and superoxide anion(O_(2)
)*** this review,the design strategies of Ru-based electrocatalysts are introduced to enhance their OER catalytic kinetics in Li-O_(2) *** configurations of Ru-based catalysts,including metal particles(Ru metal and alloys),single-atom catalysts,and Ru-loaded compounds with various substrates(carbon materials,metal oxides/sulfides),have been summarized to regulate the electronic structure and the matrix architecture of the Ru-based *** structure-property relationship of Ru-based catalysts is discussed for a better understanding of the Li_(2)O_(2) decomposition mechanism at the cathode ***,the challenges of Ru-based electrocatalysts are proposed for the future development of Li-O_(2) batteries.

摘要：Exploring cobalt phosphide catalysts with abundant active sites and outstanding intrinsic activity for active and robust hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is highly ***,by the fine-tuning thermal-reduction treatment of cobalt phosphonates with spherical shape,the novel carbon-wrapped CoP-Co_(2)P polymorphs are rationally *** unique hierarchical porous architecture and heterointerface of CoP-Co_(2)P not only increase active sites but also ensure intrinsic *** resultant catalyst exhibits significantly boosted HER activity in a wide pH range,for instance,a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) at the overpotential of 81 mV in 0.5 mol L^(-1) H_(2)SO_(4),109 mV in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,and 227 mV in 1.0 mol L^(-1) phosphate buffer saline,and remarkable OER activity(1.53 V@10 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH),associated with the impressive stability for each ***,serving as the bifunctional electrocatalysts in a two-electrode electrolyzer for overall water splitting,a low cell voltage of 1.60 V can deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) *** structural evolution process of the CoP-Co_(2)P catalyst during electrolysis is thoroughly *** work presents a new approach for designing and fabricating efficient and affordable metal phosphides for various electrochemical technologies.

摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted immense attention for flexible energy storage devices due to their high safety and low ***,conventional flexible aqueous ZIBs will undergo severe capacity loss at subzero temperature due to the inevitably freeze of *** addition,under large bending or stretching strains,the encapsulation of devices would be damaged,which causes the evaporation of water in electrolytes and results in device ***,an anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolyte based on polyacrylamide(PAM)and glycerol(Gly)is *** strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between PAM or Gly and water molecules not only avoid the crystallization of the gel electrolyte at low temperatures,but also constrain the free water and restrict its ***,such gel electrolyte displays a high ionic conductivity of 9.65×10^(−5)S cm^(−1)at−40℃.Furthermore,it can restrict the dehydration process when the electrolyte is exposed to ambient *** flexible ZIBs based on such gel electrolyte exhibit excellent electrochemical performance at−40℃and the devices without encapsulation retain 98%of their initial capacity in ambient condition after 30 *** work provides a route to design anti-freezing and anti-drying gel electrolytes for aqueous energy storage devices.

摘要：Exploring the production and application of clean energy has always been the core of sustainable *** a clean and sustainable technology,electrocatalysis has been receiving widespread *** is crucial to achieve efficient,stable and cheap ***,the traditional“trial and error”method is time-consuming,laborious and *** recent years,with the significant increase in computing power,computations have played an important role in electrocatalyst ***,it is still difficult to search for advanced electrocatalysts in the vast chemical space through traditional density functional theory(DFT)***,the development of machine learning and interdisciplinary integration will inject new impetus into targeted design of *** learning is able to predict electrochemical performances with an accuracy close to *** we provide an overview of the application of machine learning in electrocatalyst design,including the prediction of structure,thermodynamic properties and kinetic *** also discuss the potential of explicit solvent model combined with machine learning molecular dynamics in this ***,the favorable circumstances and challenges are outlined for the future development of machine learning in *** studies on electrochemical processes by machine learning will further realize targeted design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts.

摘要：The design and synthesis of high‐performance and low‐cost electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),a key half‐reaction in water electrolysis,are *** to their modest hydrogen adsorption energy,ruthenium(Ru)‐based nanomaterials are considered outstanding candidates to replace the expensive platinum(Pt)‐based HER *** this study,we developed an adsorption‐pyrolysis method to construct nitrogen(N)‐doped graphene aerogel(N‐GA)‐supported ultrafine Ru nanocrystal(Ru‐NC)nanocomposites(Ru‐NCs/N‐GA).The particle size of the Ru‐NCs and the conductivity of the N‐GA substrate can be controlled by varying the pyrolysis *** experiments reveal revealed that 10 wt%Ru‐NCs/N‐GA nanocomposites require overpotentials of only 52 and 36 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) in 1 mol/L HClO4 and 1 mol/L KOH electrolytes for HER,respectively,which is comparable to 20 wt%Pt/C *** from the ultrafine size and uniform dispersion of the Ru‐NCs,the synergy between Ru and the highly conductive substrate,and the anchoring effect of the N atom,the Ru‐NCs/N‐GA nanocomposites exhibit excellent activity and durability in the pH‐universal HER,thereby opening a new avenue for the production of commercial HER electrocatalysts.

摘要：Silicon-based material is one of the most promising substitutes of widely used graphite anodes for the next generation Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,low working potential,environmental friendliness,and abundant natural ***,the huge volume expansion and serious interfacial side reactions during lithiation and delithiation progresses of the silicon anode are the key issues which impede their further practical *** designs of silicon nanostructures are effective ways to address these *** this progress report,we firstly highlight the fundamental scientific problems,and then focus on recent progresses in design,preparation,in-situ characterization methods and failure mechanism of nanostructured silicon anode for high capacity lithium *** also summarize the key lessons from the successes so far and offer perspectives and future challenges to promote the applications of silicon anode in practical lithium batteries.

摘要：As one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices,the lithium-metal battery has been extensively ***,safety issues and undesired lithium dendrite growth hinder its *** application of solid-state electrolytes has attracted increasing attention as they can solve safety issues and show great potential to inhibit the growth of lithium *** oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are very promising due to their enhanced safety and excellent ***,they suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature and cannot effectively inhibit lithium dendrites at high temperatures due to the intrinsic semicrystalline properties and poor mechanical *** this work,a novel coral-like Li_(6.25)Al_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(C-LALZO)is synthesized to serve as an active ceramic filler in *** PEO with LALZO coral(PLC)exhibits increased ionic conductivity and mechanical strength,which leads to uniform deposition/stripping of lithium *** Li symmetric cells with PLC do not cause a short circuit after cycling for 1500 h at 60℃.The assembled LiFePO_(4)/PLC/Li batteries display excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 50℃.This work reveals that the electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte can be effectively improved by tuning the microstructure of the filler,such as the C-LALZO architecture.

摘要：High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEMFCs)bring new opportunities for portable power generation due to their outstanding advantages such as high tolerance to fuel/air impurities and simplified heat/water ***,carbon-supported nanostructured Pt-based catalysts running at temperatures over 150℃are challenged by the severe aggregation and carbon corrosion,thus leading to poor ***,we demonstrate that dendritic Pt-Ni nanoparticles supported on fluorinated carbon black(white carbon black)could significantly enhance the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs as the cathode catalysts running at 160℃due to the strong interaction of the F and Ni atoms to form a Ni_(x)F_(y) interface on Pt-Ni *** the formation of a stable Ni_(x)F_(y) interface,this integrated HT-PEMFC reached peak power densities of 906 mW cm^(−2) and demonstrated excellent durability at 160℃ under anhydrous H_(2)/O_(2) *** mitigation strategy was applied to Pt-alloy/C electrocatalysts and resulted in the elimination of Pt dissolution in practical fuel cells.

摘要：具有高容量的LiNiO_(2)(LNO)是高能锂离子电池最受欢迎的正极材料之一,但是其存在结构和界面稳定性差,循环性能不理想等问题.常规Mg、Al元素掺杂可有效改善稳定性,但会导致可逆容量及倍率性能的损失.本文通过分段的共沉淀法制备了铝镁不均匀掺杂的LNO二次球形前驱体,利用不均匀掺杂减少了掺杂剂用量并诱导实现了前驱体表面形貌的重构,煅烧后形成具有疏松多孔表层形貌的二次颗粒.改性后的LNO正极具有良好的循环稳定性(全电池150次循环后容量保持率为95.1%)和大倍率放电能力(10 C时达到177.9 mA h g^(-1)),这是由于比表面积的增加促进了锂离子传输,以及镁、铝的掺杂缓解了LNO循环过程中的有害相变.该工作揭示了通过设计掺杂元素的分布可以有效地调节LNO的形貌、结构和性能,为合成高性能的LNO正极材料提供了新的策略.

摘要：富锂层状氧化物是构筑高能量密度锂离子电池富有潜力的正极材料.然而,由于不可逆的结构变化和缓慢的界面动力学,传统的多晶富锂层状氧化物正极材料循环和倍率性能较差.本文提出了一种聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)辅助共沉淀制备单晶Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)纳米片的方法.这种方法操作简单、成本低且便于放大生产.所制备的单晶纳米片内部晶格连续且无晶界,缩短了Li+的嵌入/脱嵌路径,加快了电极反应动力学过程.单晶结构还能抑制层状相向尖晶石相的不可逆相变和颗粒内部裂纹的形成,起到稳定层状结构的作用.电化学测试结果表明,所制备的Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)单晶纳米片在0.1 C倍率下的可逆容量为254.5 mA h g^(-1),在5 C高倍率下循环1000次后容量保持率为71.9%.这种简单的制备纳米片单晶材料的方法为提高富锂层状氧化物正极材料的循环性能和倍率性能提供了新的思路.