摘要：本文设计了在表面上具有凹坑的新型椭圆形球团,并将其直接还原过程与椭圆形(无凹坑)和球形球团进行比较,进一步研究了炉膛温度和非均匀热流密度对上述球团直接还原过程的影响。结果表明,在还原所得金属化率方面,椭球球团优于球形球团。在非均匀热流密度的条件下,椭球球团的最终金属化率和除锌率较低。尽管具有表面凹坑的椭圆球团的传热效果改善不明显,但其金属化率和除锌率却得到了提高,这将对转底炉中球团的直接还原过程产生累积效应。在变化的炉温条件下,球团的温度高于恒定炉温情况。在还原1200 s后,球团中的铁的浓度增加到123.6%,金属化率和除锌率分别增加到113.7%和102.2%。这些结果可为转底炉中含碳球团的还原过程设计提供参考。

摘要：Solid oxide fuel cell–proton exchange membrane(SOFC–PEM) hybrid system is being foreseen as a valuable alternative for power generation. As this hybrid system is a conceptual design, many uncertainties involving input values should be considered at the early stage of process optimization. We present in this paper a generalized framework of multi-objective optimization under uncertainty for the synthesis/design optimization of the SOFC–PEM hybrid system. The framework is based on geometric, economic and electrochemical models and focuses on evaluating the effect of uncertainty in operating parameters on three conflicting objectives: electricity efficiency, SOFC current density and capital cost of system. The multi-objective optimization provides solutions in the form of a Pareto surface, with a range of possible synthesis/design solutions and a logical procedure for searching the global optimum solution for decision maker. Comparing the stochastic and deterministic Pareto surfaces of different objectives, we conclude that the objectives are considerably influenced by uncertainties because the two trade-off surfaces are different.