摘要：本文提出了一种新的设计模式——人辅助设计,以取代传统的计算机辅助设计。在人辅助设计中,计算机可以通过一种新的等几何拓扑优化自动完成整个产品设计,而人类仅需协助轻微修改设计以满足要求。文中提出了一种嵌入域等几何拓扑优化用于设计具有不规则设计域的复杂模型,并且可以基于分层等几何拓扑优化结果自动生成优化结果的可编辑几何模型。测试了三个算例以验证所提出的等几何拓扑优化模式,包括一个具有规则设计域的3D悬臂梁,一个具有不规则设计域的汽车零件和一个具有多尺度结构的MBB梁。结果表明,所提出的等几何拓扑优化模式可以自动生成高质量的优化模型。因此,该技术具有成为革命性技术的巨大潜力,将当前设计模式由计算机辅助设计转变为人辅助设计。

摘要：With the rapid development of wearable intelligent devices,low-cost wearable strain sensors with high sensitivity and low detection limit are urgently ***,sensing stability of sensor in wet or corrosive environments should also be considered in practical ***,superhydrophobic microcracked conductive paper-based strain sensor was fabricated by coating conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene on printing paper via dip-coating process and followed by depositing superhydrophobic candle soot layer on its *** to the ultrasensitive microcrack structure in the conductive coating layer induced by the mismatch of elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient between conductive coating layer and paper substrate during the drying process,the prepared paper-based strain sensor exhibited a high sensitivity(gauge factor,GF=17.4)in the strain range of 0–0.6%,ultralow detection limit(0.1%strain)and good fatigue resistance over 1000 cycles towards bending ***,it was also applicable for torsion deformation detection,showing excellent torsion angle dependent,repeatable and stable sensing ***,it displayed brilliant waterproof,self-cleaning and corrosion-resistant properties due to the existence of micro/nano-structured and the low surface energy candle soot *** a result,the prepared paper-based strain sensor can effectively monitor a series of large-scale and small-scale human motions even under water environment,showing the great promising in practical harsh outdoor ***,it also demonstrated good applicability for spatial strain distribution detection of skin upon body movement when assembled into electronic-skin(E-skin).This study will provide great guidance for the design of next generation wearable strain sensor.

摘要：In fifth-generation wireless communication system(5G),more connections are built between metaheuristics and electromagnetic equipment *** this paper,we propose a self-adaptive grey wolf optimizer(SAGWO)combined with a novel optimization model of a 5G frequency selection surface(FSS)based on FSS unit *** includes three improvement strategies,improving the initial distribution,increasing the randomness,and enhancing the local search,to accelerate the convergence and effectively avoid local *** benchmark tests,the proposed optimizer performs better than the five other optimization algorithms:original grey wolf optimizer(GWO),genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimizer(PSO),improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO),and selective opposition based grey wolf optimization(SOGWO).Due to its global searchability,SAGWO is suitable for solving the optimization problem of a 5G FSS that has a large design *** combination of SAGWO and the new FSS optimization model can automatically obtain the shape of the FSS unit with electromagnetic interference shielding capability at the center operating *** verify the performance of the proposed method,a double-layer ring FSS is designed with the purpose of providing electromagnetic interference shielding features at28 *** results show that the optimized FSS has better electromagnetic interference shielding at the center frequency and has higher angular ***,a sample of the optimized FSS is fabricated and tested.

摘要：柔性可穿戴的紫外线探测器在个体紫外线暴露监测、智能仿生眼和军事领域受到广泛关注.然而,传统不可拉伸的材料和器件结构设计限制了设备在可动态变形的人体皮肤和非平面表面上的精确监测应用和稳定附着.在本研究中,我们提出了基于氧化铜/碳-水凝胶-氧化锌/碳的新型应变隔离异质结构的本征可拉伸(拉伸应变或弯曲高达150%)紫外线探测器,该探测器具有高灵敏度(开/关比为2100%)、高稳定性(大于4000次循环),以及快速响应和恢复时间(分别为1.5和4 s).值得注意的是,该探测器通过水凝胶桥在氧化铜/碳和氧化锌/碳电极之间引入的p-n结能带结构,以及离子导电水凝胶中I^(-)/I_(3)^(-)的电化学反应机制,显著提高了其载流子效率和紫外线响应强度.本文通过集成传感器与所设计的电路板,进一步开发了一种无线紫外线报警系统,用于紫外线强度超标警报.此外,本文还设计了一种光电传感器阵列,并将其用作视网膜假体,以实现对环境紫外线强度的实时监测和成像.本文基于水凝胶基异质结构为开发可穿戴、可拉伸的光电紫外线传感器单元和成像阵列提供了一种新的可行方法.

摘要：Solar-driven steam generation is a practical strategy to harness solar energy for desalination and production of clean water with a minimized carbon ***,this strategy suffers from a low evaporation rate under weak illumination on cloudy days or at ***,we present a fabric-based all-weather-available photo-electrothermal steam generator(P/ET-SG)capable of regulating the surface temperature and evaporation rate by the coupling effect of photo-thermal and electro-thermal heating depending on the light *** unprecedented high surface temperature of 52℃ in the wet state and an evaporation rate of 2.61 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) were achieved by the P/ET-SG under 1 sun with only 1 V input voltage owing to the uniform heat distribution and the coupled electro-thermal *** oneway fluidic design of the P/ET-SG effectively prevented salt precipitation during continuous desalination in 24 h and was able to remove salt granules from the evaporation ***,the P/ET-SG demonstrated a high evaporation rate of 2.58 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) in the purification of concentrated saline water and dye-contaminated water with high efficiency(>99.9%).This study offers new thoughts for the design of allweather-available solar steam generators with high efficiency and makes a step forward towards fast purification of concentrated saline water and wastewater.

摘要：巧妙的微观结构设计和合适的多组分策略仍然是高效吸收型电磁干扰屏蔽材料在轻质、低填充水平和薄样品厚度方面的挑战.本文基于独特的屏蔽胶囊结构,采用浸渍法制备了柔性水性聚氨酯/介电碳纳米管/磁各向异性镍(链或花)电磁屏蔽复合海绵.结果表明,增加镍(花状或链状)填料的含量可显著提高复合材料的导电性和电磁干扰屏蔽性能.水性聚氨酯/碳纳米管/8 wt%镍花-三聚氰胺海绵和水性聚氨酯/碳纳米管/8 wt%镍链-三聚氰胺海绵的电磁屏蔽性能分别为42.8和46.7 dB,优于仅含碳纳米管的复合海绵.碳纳米管与镍(花状或链状)之间的协同作用意味着复合海绵的屏蔽电磁干扰的主要机制来自于吸收过程.重要的是,在水性聚氨酯层的保护下,复合材料在强烈的物理和化学损伤下仍然表现出良好的电磁屏蔽性能.这项工作为设计新颖、轻量化和高效的电磁屏蔽复合材料提供了一种简单的协同策略,在便携式和可穿戴电子设备中显示出巨大的应用前景.

摘要：Owing to the excellent redox reversibility and structural diversity,polytriphenylamine(PTPAn)has been regarded as one of the promising cathode candidates for sodium-ion ***,it still suffers from the bulk aggregation and low operating capacity in practical *** by the in-situ polymerization,leaf-like PTPAn nanosheets are uniformly introduced on the surface of carbon nanofibers(CNFs)to form the free-standing CNF@PTPAn composite ***,the formation mechanism of the leaf-on-branch structure of CNF@PTPAn composites is systematically explored,confirming that the controlling of oxidation rate and growth degree plays crucial roles in tuning the morphology and active material content of the composite *** by the capacity-cutting analysis,the effective coupling between the active PTPAn and conductive CNFs can provide fast electron/ion-shuttling channels and deepen the electrochemical reaction *** 50mAg^(-1),the capacity of the optimized CNF@PTPAn composite can reach 105mAh g^(-1),with a stable rate capability of 78mAh g^(-1)even at 400mAg^(-1)after 500 cycles in a half *** detailed kinetic analysis confirms that the ion-storage behaviors in the lowvoltage region can be tailored for the improved capacitive contribution and diffusion ***,the flexible CNF-based full cell with CNF@PTPAn as the cathode and CNFs as the anode exhibits a high energy density of 60Wh kg^(-1)at 938Wkg^(-1).Based on this,the rational design is expected to provide more possibilities to obtain advanced freestanding electrode systems.