摘要：This paper attempts to explore how Shylock in William Shakespeare＇s The Merchant of Venice （1995） and Heathcliff in Emily Bronte＇s Wuthering Heights （2003） were victimized who became victimizer later to heal their wound and compensate their loss and how they were victimized in turn in doing so. Shylock was victimized by the Christian society along with his own. His daughter left him in favor of the Christians. He later became a victimizer but was ironically victimized in turn in wreaking vengeance on his foes in the court. Similarly, Heathcliffs true spiritual love was rejected by His Catherine, neglected by everyone, physically and mentally abused. Later, he wreaked vengeance upon his foes but was victimized to death in turn. Shylock entered the court as a victimizer but left it as a victimized individual just as Heathcliff entered the Heights, after self-imposed exile, as a victimizer and left it as a victimized individual for good. Therefore, both of them experienced a cycle of victimization.

摘要：This paper attempts to analyze Paul Morel＇s instinctual drives--in D. H. Lawrence＇s Sons and Lovers （2006}---toward survival, neurotic refusal to accept life, and his will to give life meaning after a fierce and prolonged internal strife--in the light of psychoanalysis. It will explore how his ＂Id＂ strives to bring about the satisfaction of instinctual needs on the basis of the pleasure principle driving him to seek pleasure. His ＂libido＂--psychic energy, emanating from the id, especially the sexual urge--has empowered his ＂Eros＂ or life instinct. It will also explore how ＂Thanatos＂ or death instinct, in contrast, has yearned for an almost lifeless state and curbed entering into human relationships as experienced in his last rejection of Miriam after his mother＇s death leaving a great trauma on Paul who has been on the verse of extinction as a result. Therefore, Eros and Thanatos, both coincide and conflict within him, are dynamically involved and thus are interacted infusing life not stagnation in Paulin consequence