摘要：We previously demonstrated that polypod-like structured DNA, or polypodna, constructed with three or more oligodeoxynucleotides （ODNs）, is efficiently taken up by immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, depending on its structural complexity. The ODNs comprising the polypodna should bend to form the polypod-like structure, and may do so by adopting either a bend- type conformation or a cross-type conformation. Here, we tried to elucidate the orientation and bending of ODNs in polypodnas using atomic force microscopy （AFM）. We designed two types of pentapodnas （i.e., a polypodna with five pods） using 60- to 88-base ODNs, which were then immobilized on DNA origami frames. AFM imaging showed that the ODNs in the pentapodna adopted bend-type conformations. Tetrapodna and hexapodna also adopted bend-type conformations when they were immobilized on frames under unconstrained conditions. These findings provide useful information toward the coherent design of, and the structure-activity relationships for, a variety of DNA nanostructures.

摘要：It has often been reported that, when building structures are subjected to near-fault earthquake ground motions, horizontal and vertical impulsive inputs may cause critical damage during the first few seconds. In practical design of building structures, however, the safety check, taking into account the effect of multi-component ground motions, is hardly conducted except the design of important structures such as high-rise buildings and nuclear power plants. Ftirthel＇more, it is not clear how the correlation of multi-component ground motions influences the actual safety of structures. In this paper, the detailed property of critical excitation is discussed in association with the relationship between the characteristics of ground motions and those of structures. The properties of various auto power spectral density （PSD） functions of the horizontal and vertical ground motions are investigated, and those of the critical cross PSD function of these two-directional ground motions are found by a devised algorithm in a feasible complex plane. A closed-form expression is derived from the critical relation of the auto PSD functions of the simultaneous inputs. This critical excitation method provides us with a new approach for earthquake-resistant design against the possible future earthquake which causes the critical damages to buildings.

摘要：Turbine cascade optimum design, the typical non-convex optimal problem, has long been a design challenge in the engineering fields. The new type hybrid Genetic Algorithms-whole annealing GeneticAlgorithms have been developed in this paper. Simulated annealing selection and non-uniform mutation are adopted in the whole annealing Genetic Algorithms. Whole annealing Genetic Algorithmsoptimal performance have been tested through mathematical test functions. On this basis, turbinecascade inverse design using whole annealing Genetic Algorithms have been presented. The B-Splinefunction is applied to represent the cascade shape. C-type grid and Godunov scheme are adopted toanalysis the cascade aerodynamic performance. The optimal problem aims to obtain an cascade shapefrom different initial cascade through the given target pressure distribution. The optimum cascadeshape is in well agreement with the target cascade shape. The numerical results show that the wholeannealing Genetic Algorithms are the powerful optimum tools for turbine optimum design or othercomplex engineering design problems.

摘要：The GRACE Earth＇s gravitational field complete up to degree and order 120 is recovered based on the same and different three-axis resolution indexes from satellite-borne accelerometer using the improved energy conservation principle. The results show that designing XA1（2） as low-sensitivity axis （3 × 10^-9 m/s^2） of accelerometer and designing YA1（2） and ZA1（2） as high-sensitivity axes （3 × 10^-10 m/s^2） are reasonable. The physical reason why the resolution of XA1（2） is one order of magnitude lower than YA1（2） and ZA1（2） is that non-conservative forces acting on GRACE satellites are mainly decomposed into YA1（2） and ZA1（2） in the orbital plane. Since XA1（2） is not orthogonal accurately to orbital plane during the development of accelerometer, the measurement of XA1（2） can not be thrown off entirely, but be reduced properly.

摘要：The objective of this paper is to examine an effective strategy for maintaining and utilizing the traditional arts resources of Japan. The authors explore two pillars of the strategy. One is to improve the quality of Japanese traditional performing arts by securing incomes for artists. The other is to utilize the traditional arts as a medium to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries and to improve Japan＇s branding as a nation. First, the authors focus on the income security system practiced in traditional Japanese music and describe the discrepancy between short- and long-run optimality. The authors prove that the reputation of this art form affects its popularity and that it is optimal for the Iemoto （the head of the music school） to restrict the number of pupils in onstage performances in order to maintain stage quality. Second, the authors provide evidence that effective methods for a country to expand its cultural influence across the world differ among nations. The authors conduct willingness-to-pay （WTP） experiments and find that while German audiences largely prefer traditional Japanese music, those in the USA are slightly partial to its mixed fusion form. Therefore, the effective ways to expand Japanese cultural influence in foreign countries differ from one country to another.

摘要：This paper proposes a systematic design method of overlap frequency domain equalization(FDE) for single carrier (SC) transmission without a guard interval (GI).Based on the analysis of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the equalizer output for each symbol,the authors adaptivelydetermine the block of the overlap FDE,where the block is defined as a set of symbols at the equalizeroutput with sufficiently low error rate,for a certain fixed sliding window size,which corresponds toa fast Fourier transform (FFT) window *** proposed method takes advantage of the fact thatthe utility part of the equalized signal is localized around the center of the FFT *** addition,the authors also propose to adjust the block size in order to control the computational complexity ofthe equalization per processed sample associating with the average bit error rate (BER) of the *** results show that the proposed scheme can achieve comparable BER performance to theconventional SC-FDE scheme with sufficient GI insertion for both the coded and uncoded cases withvarious modulation levels,while requiring lower computational complexity compared to the SC overlapFDE transmission with the fixed block.

摘要：Incentive design is among the decisive factors behind active community participation and long-term sustainability of participatory forest management. Especially in case of mangroves, where multiple interests apply, it requires a careful integration of several ecological, economic and institutional factors. The primary objective of this paper is to understand the basis of incentive design and make a comprehensive inquiry into the existing incentive mechanism of participatory mangrove management in Indian Sundarbans. The qualitative and in-depth assessment was derived against a conceptual framework that contains three main determinants: (1) resources availability, (2) control mechanism, and (3) perception of end-users. The study deploys the results of various participatory exercises such as structured interviews with forest officials, focus group discussions with 10 Joint Forest Management Committees and semi-structured interviews with 119 mangrove users. In general, we observed an over-cautious, hierarchical and safety-margin-based incentive design with distinct bifurcation of communities over the adequacy and effectiveness of derived benefits. Although, the incentives are diverse and align well with the overall conservation of mangroves, they are considered to be insufficient by nearly half of the mangrove users. The main issues that were observed to hinder effective community participation can be summarized as (1) serious restrictions on access to economically exploitable mangrove products, (2) passive involvement of vulnerable occupational groups, and (3) lack of trust and conflicting interests between the officials and the communities. Although the existing preventive management of mangroves can be justified considering the magnanimity of the Indian Sundarbans, it can severely impair community participation and emerge as a clear threat to future sustainability. To secure greater participation of the communities, we propose small scale, innovative developmental in

摘要：A mathematical method was developed to calculate the yield,energy spectrum and angular distribution of neutrons from D(d,n)~3He(D-D)reaction in a thick deuterium-titanium target for incident deuterons in energies lower than *** data of energy spectrum and angular distribution were applied to set up the neutron source model for the beam-shaping-assembly(BSA)design of Boron-Neutron-Capture-Therapy(BNCT)using MCNP-4C code. Three cases of D-D neutron source corresponding to incident deuteron energy of 1000,400 and 150 key were inves- *** neutron beam characteristics were compared with the model of a 2.45 MeV mono-energetic and isotropic neutron source using an example BSA designed for BNCT *** results show significant differences in the neutron beam characteristics,particularly the fast neutron component and fast neutron dose in air,between the non-isotropic neutron source model and the 2.5 MeV mono-euergetic and isotropic neutron source model.

摘要：Since 3D printed hard materials could match the shape of bone,cell survival and fate determination towards osteoblasts in such materials have become a popular research *** this study,a scaffold of hardmaterial for 3D fabrication was designed to regulate developmental signal(Notch)transduction guiding osteoblast *** established a polycaprolactone(PCL)and cell-integrated 3D printing system(PCI3D)to reciprocally print the beams of PCL and cell-laden hydrogel for a *** PCI3D module holds good cell viability of over 87%,whereas cells show about sixfold proliferation in a 7-day *** osteocytic MLO-Y4 was engineered to overexpress Notch ligand Dll4,making up 25%after mixing with 75%stromal cells in the PCI3D *** Dll4,unlike other delta-like family members such as Dll1 or Dll3,promotes osteoblast differentiation and themineralization of primary mouse and a cell line of bone marrow stromal cells when cultured in a PCI3D module for up to 28 ***,osteocytic Dll4 could not promote osteogenic differentiation of the primary bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)after conditional deletion of the Notch transcription factor RBPjκby Cre *** data indicate that osteocytic Dll4 activates RBPjκ-dependent canonical Notch signaling in BMSCs for their oriented differentiation towards ***,osteocytic Dll4 holds a great potential for angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells within *** study reveals that osteocytic Dll4 could be the osteogenic niche determining cell fate towards *** will open a new avenue to overcome the current limitation of poor cell viability and low bioactivity of traditional orthopedic implants.

摘要：Metal-based secondary building unit and the shape of organic ligands are the two crucial factors for determining the final topology of metal-organic materials.A careful choice of organic and inorganic structural building units occasionally produces unexpected structures,facilitating deeper fundamental understanding of coordination-driven self-assembly behind metal-organic ***,we have synthesized a triangular metal-organic polygon(MOT-1),assembled from bulky tetramethyl terephthalate and Zr-based secondary building ***,the Zr-based secondary building unit serves as an unusual ditopic Zr-connector,toform metal-organic polygon MOT-1,proven to be a good candidate for water adsorption with *** study highlights the interplay of the geometrically frustrated ligand and secondary building unit in controlling the connectivity of metal-organic *** a strategy can be further used to unveil a new class of metal-organic materials.