摘要：This paper studies nonparametric estimation of the regression function with surrogate outcome data under double-sampling designs, where a proxy response is observed for the full sample and the true response is observed on a validation set. A new estimation approach is proposed for estimating the regression function. The authors first estimate the regression function with a kernel smoother based on the validation subsample, and then improve the estimation by utilizing the information on the incomplete observations from the non-validation subsample and the surrogate of response from the full sample. Asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is derived. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via simulations.

摘要：The article presents comparative analysis results pertaining to ingrained functionality demonstrated by Russian,Slovenian, and Slovak teenagers in explanation of the commandment Love Thy Neighbor as Thyself. In the present article, the authors do not detect any desemantization elements to the traditional Christian virtue and ask the question What is going to happen to Europe, Russia, and world tomorrow? They also hope that next generations aim at friendship and mutual understanding, and are ready to learn of each other, understand, and accept.

摘要：Standard costing is used as a control for product costing. But with life cycle becoming shorter, costing should be done at the design and development stage of a product. This is achieved through target *** implementation of target costing and target pricing is done with the ultimate purpose of cost reduction, cost understanding, continuous improvement, competitiveness, early purchasing and supplier involvement, and improved design and accountability by manufacturers. The study explores the participation of the purchasing and supply chain management＇s role in target costing and target pricing process. Supply management plays an active role in monitoring the ongoing cost and performance of suppliers during the early stages of product development. Implementation of target costing and target pricing in various organizations are also explored. Leading Japanese manufacturers have used target costing and target pricing systems to their advantage and the paper also examines the adaptation of the Western companies to these proactive cost management techniques to improve their product development processes.

摘要：我们这个复杂的社会所面临的结构性问题,如2007年秋季由美国债券市场崩溃所引发的经济危机,要求社会干预从社区社会工作的立场中复兴。本文中,我们讨论的是在西班牙社会工作专业所面临的实践挑战。首先,我们是从在西班牙过去的两年里开展的社区社会行动计划中得出的结论,同时我们在设计为复苏网络和现实中的社区的网络方法论中也得到了经验。总之,在社区背景下我们形成了成功社会干预实践的十点建议。

摘要：The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,Robert Cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry Jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,June Medford,Jerry Melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala Jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,John Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.