摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)printing has attracted increasing research interest as an emerging manufacturing technology for devel-oping sophisticated and exquisite architecture through hierarchical *** has also been employed in various advanced industrial *** development of intelligent biomedical engineering has raised the requirements for 3D printing,such as flexible manufacturing processes and technologies,biocompatible constituents,and alternative ***,state-of-the-art 3D printing mainly involves inorganics or polymers and generally focuses on traditional industrial fields,thus severely limiting applications demanding biocompatibility and *** this regard,peptide architectonics,which are self-assembled by programmed amino acid sequences that can be flexibly functionalized,have shown promising potential as bioinspired inks for 3D ***,the combination of 3D printing and peptide self-assembly poten-tially opens up an alternative avenue of 3D bioprinting for diverse advanced ***,a small but innovative nation,has significantly contributed to 3D bioprinting in terms of scientific studies,marketization,and peptide architectonics,including modulations and applications,and ranks as a leading area in the 3D bioprinting *** review summarizes the recent progress in 3D bioprinting in Israel,focusing on scientific studies on printable components,soft devices,and tissue *** paper further delves into the manufacture of industrial products,such as artificial meats and bioinspired supramolecular architectures,and the mechanisms,physicochemical properties,and applications of peptide ***,Israel contributes significantly to the field of 3D bioprinting and should thus be appropriately recognized.

摘要：Conductive and transparent dipeptide hydrogels are desirable building blocks to prepare soft electronic devices and wearable biosensors due to their excellent biocompatibility,multi-functionality,and physiochemical properties similar to those of body ***,the preparation of such hydrogels featuring high conductivity and transparency is a huge challenge because of the hydrophobic feature of conductive additives making the doping process *** overcome this issue,hydrophilic conductive polydopamine(PDA)-doped polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles are introduced into the dipeptide hydrogel networks to form conductive nanofibrils in situ to achieve a good level of hydrophilic templating of the hydrogel *** tech-nique creates a complete conductive network and allows visible light to pass *** strategy proposed herein not only endows the dipeptide hydrogel with good conductivity and high transparency,but also provides a great potential application of conductive dipeptide hydrogels for body-adhered signal detection,as evidenced by the experimental data.

摘要：The cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system, as a technical core of synthetic biology, can simulate the transcription andtranslation process in an in vitro open environment without a complete living cell. It has been widely used in basic and appliedresearch fields because of its advanced engineering features in flexibility and controllability. Compared to a typical crudeextract-based CFPS system, due to defined and customizable components and lacking protein-degrading enzymes, the proteinsynthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) system draws great attention. This review first discusses the elementalcomposition of the PURE system. Then, the design and preparation of functional proteins for the PURE system, especially thecritical ribosome, were examined. Furthermore, we trace the evolving development of the PURE system in versatile areas,including prototyping, synthesis of unnatural proteins, peptides and complex proteins, and biosensors. Finally, as a state-ofthe-art engineering strategy, this review analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the PURE system in futurescientific research and diverse applications.

摘要：The emerging plant synthetic metabolic engineering has been exhibiting great promise to produce either value-added metabolitesor therapeutic proteins. However, promoters for plant pathway engineering are generally selected empirically. The quantitativecharacterization of plant-based promoters is essential for optimal control of gene expression in plant chassis. Here, we used *** leaves and BY2 suspension cells to quantitatively characterize a library of plant promoters by transient expressionof firefly/Renilla luciferase. We validated the dual-luciferase reporter system by examining the correlation between reporterprotein and mRNA levels. In addition, we investigated the effects of terminator–promoter combinations on gene expressionand found that the combinations of promoters and terminators resulted in a 326-fold difference between the strongest andweakest performance, as reflected in reporter gene expression. As a proof of concept, we used the quantitatively characterizedpromoters to engineer the betalain pathway in N. benthamiana. Seven selected plant promoters with different expressionstrengths were used orthogonally to express CYP76AD1 and DODA, resulting in a final betalain production range of 6.0–362.4 μg/g fresh weight. Our systematic approach not only demonstrates the various intensities of multiple promoter sequencesin N. benthamiana and BY2 cells but also adds to the toolbox of plant promoters for plant engineering.

摘要：Advertisement calls play an important role in influencing female mate choice and are regarded as one of the key characters responsible for reproductive isolation and speciation events in frogs and toads. The black-spined toad, Bufo melanostictus, is one of the most common amphibians in Southeast Asia and is frequently observed in human habitations throughout its distributional range. The advertisement calls of the toad have not been well described. Here, we report the advertisement calls of this species from Lishui, Zhejiang, China during its breeding season. The advertisement calls of B. melanostictus are composed of single notes with a single harmonic frequency emitted sporadically. The call parameters recorded in this study were highly variable across recording times and with different body sizes. Dominant frequency was negatively correlated with body size. Comparing the calls of the B. melanostictus population from Lishui with the populations from five other localities(Bangkok, Thailand; Coorg, India; Burma, Myanmar; Bali, Indonesia; Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia), we found that call structure was similar among five different populations with no harmonics, while the Halimun-Salak National Park population contained two clear harmonics. Dominant frequency was similar between Bali(1.56 kHz) and Coorg(1.6 kHz) populations, while it was highly variable among other populations. Besides call duration, call interval and pulse/call rate may also be significantly different among the comparing populations. Pooling the available data, we observed some similarities and differences in call parameters among the six populations.

摘要：The green alga Tetraselmis subcordiformis has been widely used as a quality live food for aquaculture species, and also has been studied as a model organism for the photo-biological production of hydrogen. We attempted to quantify the relationship between T. subcordiformis specific growth rate(SGR) and three important environmental factors(temperature, salinity, and p H) using the central composite design and response surface method under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature and salinity were significant( P0.05); the interactive effect of temperature and p H was significant( P 0.05); all of the quadratic effects of the three factors were significant( P< 0.05). A model equation for specific growth rate with the three factors was established, with the unadjusted and predictive R^2 as high as 0.990 and 0.921, respectively, suggesting that the model was a very good fit and that it could be used to predict SGR. Through optimizing the reliable model, an optimal 3-factor combination of 25 ° C/35 of salinity/p H 7.9 was obtained, at which the maximum specific growth rate(0.65) was recorded, with a desirability value of 93.8%. These experimental results could serve as guidelines for increasing T. subcordiformis production efficiency.

摘要：4,5-Dihydro-3-methylbenzo[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione（4） was identified as a novel and potent inhibitor of caspase-3 through structural modification of an existing drug, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate（STS）. Compound 4 showed high potency against caspase-3 in vitro（ICso=0. 13μmol/L）. Molecular docking study further provided an insight into the interaction of compound 4 with activated caspase-3. Hence, this small-molecule caspase-3 inhibitor could be a oromising theraoeutic candidate against diseases caused by abnormally up-regulated apptosis.

摘要：Based on the strategies of receptor structure-guided neonicotinoid design, a series of novel cis-nitenpyram analogues bearing diglycine esters were designed and synthesized. Preliminary bioassays indicated that the insecticidal spectra of the target compounds were expanded compared with our previous work, while all the target compounds presented excellent insecticidal activities against Nilaparvata lugens and Aphis medicagini at 100 mg/L. Among these analogues, 6b showed 100% mortality against Nilaparvata lugens (LC 50 = 0.163 mg/L) and 90% against Aphis medicagini at 4 mg/L. SARs suggested that the insecticidal potency of our designed cis-nitenpyram analogues was dual-controlled by the size and species of the ester groups. The molecular docking simulations revealed that the structural uniqueness of these analogues may lead to a unique molecular recognition and binding mode compared with the previously designed compounds. Introduction of the peptide bond gave rise to more significant hydrogen bonds between the nitenpyram analogues bonding with the amino acid residues of insect nAChRs. The docking results explained the SARs observed in vitro, and shed light on the novel insecticidal mechanism of these cis-nitenpyram analogues.

摘要：植物品种培育的关键是寻找优良基因.通过理性设计对植物关键酶进行改造,有望为植物品种培有提供新的优良基因.NtGGPPSI是烟草类胡萝卜素合成途径的限速酶,ntggppsl突变体类胡萝卜含量显著降低.对NtGGPPS1进行理性设计,重塑酶与底物的结合口袋,构建单点饱和突变体文库.通过高通量的细菌颜色实验进行筛选,获.得5个可以显著提升酶活性的氨基酸位点,进一步对以上位点进行迭代组合突变获得酶活性最高的5突变体d-NtGGPPS1(V154A/1161L/F218Y/1209S/V233E).相对于NtGGPPSI,理性设计的d-NtGGPPSI可以将底物IPP和共同底物DMAPP转化为GGPP的效率提高约1995.5倍,能够将GPP或FPP转化产生GGPP的效率提高约25.9或16.7倍.将d-NtGGPPSI回补到ntggppsI突变体可以显著提升叶片类胡萝卜含量,生物量及光合作用效率.该研究表明理性设计GGPPS可以提升植物的产量和品质性状,并为未来通过理性设计获得植物优良基因提供新的突破口.

摘要：Computational design of proteins is a relatively new field, where scientists search the enormous sequence space for sequences that can fold into desired structure and perform desired functions. With the computational approach, proteins can be designed, for example, as regulators of biological processes, novel enzymes, or as biotherapeutics. These approaches not only provide valuable information for understanding of sequence-structure-function relations in proteins, but also hold promise for applications to protein engineering and biomedical research. In this review, we briefly introduce the rationale for computational protein design, then summarize the recent progress in this field, including de novo protein design, enzyme design, and design of protein-protein interactions. Challenges and future prospects of this field are also discussed.