摘要：A new general optimal principle of designing explicit finite difference method was obtained. Several applied cases were put forward to explain the uses of the principle. The validity of the principal was tested by a numeric example.

摘要：The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is a pest of cultivated rice through- out Asia and is controlled using insecticides and/or resistant rice varieties. This species has developed resistance to many classes of insecticide and biotypes have developed that are vir- ulent against formerly resistant rice cultivars. Insects use a suite of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and carboxyl/cholinesterases to defend themselves against plant secondary metabolites and pesticides. Pyrosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX platform was used to produce a substantial expressed sequence tag （EST） dataset to complement the existing Sanger sequenced ESTs in GenBank. A total of 78 959 reads were combined with the 37 392 publically available Sanger ESTs; these assembled into 8 911 contigs and 10 620 singletons. Analysis of the distribution of tenta- tive unique genes （TUGs） with the gene ontology for biological processes and molecular functions suggests that the 454 and Sanger EST assembly is broadly representative of the N. lugens transcriptome. The brown planthopper transcriptome was found to contain 31 TUGs encoding P450s, nine encoding glutathione S-transferases and 26 encoding car- boxyl/cholinesterases and many of these are putatively involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The Agilent eArray platform was used to construct an oligonucleotide mi- croarray populated with probes for ~ 19 000 unigene sequences, including all those known to encode detoxification enzymes. The genomic resources developed in this study will be useful to the community studying this crop pest and will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying insecticide resistance and planthopper adaptation to resistant rice cultivars.

摘要：The design philosophy based on the working process systematization, the feature of practice teaching is analyzed the principles of practice teaching quality evaluation system are summed up. The evaluation system based on working process systematization of the practice teaching quality is established, the management of quality evaluation system and the project of the monitoring are put forward.

摘要：Two attics were constructed as part of a building renovation project at the University of West *** first attic is described as a traditional ventilated attic,with open-ings in the soffits and a small dormer vent on the *** second attic is described as a sealed attic(with no ventilation),and open-cell spray foam insulation installed on the underside of the roof *** study was undertaken to demonstrate hypoth-esized performance differences between attic *** and relative humidity sensors were installed to measure the condition of the air in the two attics spaces,and measurements were taken at 15 minute *** of relative humidity were later calculated as dew point and specific *** studies are often conducted by comparison of attics in separate buildings under different use *** project offers a unique opportunity to explore data collected from a single structure,and provides support for existing research on attic design in southern *** resultant data show significant differences in attic temperatures,with the sealed attic exhibiting a much more thermally stable *** were also significant differences in attic dew points and specific humidity,although these dif-ferences appear to be much less *** were analyzed using independent t-tests to establish significant differences between ***,the sealed attic performed better than the ventilated attic,although dew point and specific humidity remain concerns.

摘要：To improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption performance,a novel crash box negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)structure is proposed according to the characteristics of low speed collision of bumper *** the peak collision force and the average collision force as two subsystems,a multidisciplinary collaborative optimization design is carried out,and its optimization results are compared with the ones optimized by NSGA-II *** results show that the crashworthiness and energy absorption performance of the novel crash box is improved effectively based on the multidisciplinary optimization method.

摘要：This paper tries to discuss everyday life and its relation to urban experiences in different aspects of Taipei City in Human Condition, performed by Greenray Theatre in Taiwan since 2001. The serial play, including six parts,1 displays the life of ordinary people, primarily the middle and labor classes. Historically, Human Condition tells about Taiwan Residents＇ life from the period of Japanese occupation in Taiwan to the present day. The public＇s everyday life and their cultural activities are delicately represented on the stage. Human Condition especially focuses on people living in Taipei city, the capital and most populated place of the country. In different historical periods and political atmospheres, the characters＇ economic and social activities, nostalgic feelings about the past, passions for love and friendship, and awakening of fighting for humanity and freedom construct their social positions as well as establish different aspects of Taipei. We can see the transformation of the city by means of people＇s social relationships and economic activities. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre＇s concept of everyday life as rhythmic movement and spatial practice in the process of urbanization, this paper aims at studying the characters＇ social practice that defines their position and formation of identity within place. Human Condition unravels the characters＇ connection and disconnection from place in each period of Taiwan＇s historical and political conditions. The life in Taipei differs from each historical, economic, and political system that defines people＇s attitudes and perspectives toward this land. The characters within every historical background and political system tell us what Taipei represents and symbolizes to people. The transition of Taipei produces impacts on people that endow them with different personalities and perspectives toward life. As globalization invades into this city, the definition of human in city life has to be reconsidered. As a place of encou

摘要：Based on job analysis for the permanent departments of construction enterprises, by combining KPI assessment method and 360-degree evaluation method, this article establishes a set of human resource performance evaluation indicator system; by determining indicators＇ weights and evaluators＇ grading weights through analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, offering a kind of dynamic computing method for performance evaluation, and tightly linking the evaluation result to employees＇ personal interests, this article builds up a set of scientific performance evaluation system. This article takes the engineering department of construction enterprises for example to explain the calculation and application of performance evaluation result. This article provides construction enterprises with a method reference for human resource performance evaluation.

摘要：The time-varying difference-in-difference model is used to identify the impact of payment technology on residents’consumption,and the moderation effect analysis method is used to identify its *** is found that payment technology promotes consumption capacity expansion and quality improvement(CEQI)through three pathways of alleviating liquidity constraints,reducing transaction costs and weakening the payment of *** parallel and serial mechanisms of the three are further *** effect of payment technology on the CEQI of residents’consumption shows obvious heterogeneity due to differences in urban and rural household registration and financial *** on the empirical research results and the national conditions of China,targeted policy recommendations are proposed from the demand side,the supply side and the technological side.

摘要：This paper presents a P2P VOD system based on RF-IPS algorithm, and this system consists of two parts, server-side and clients. We put emphasis on the piece selection module of server-side, and in this part we cite the RF-IPS algorithm proposed in the past. In the piece selection module, we also proposed a weighting function except the RF-IPS algorithm. Using this function we will find the best server peers effectively and quickly, it will enhance the performance of this system. We carry on experiments on RF-IPS algorithm, and the results show this algorithm is efficient. Overall, we believe that the RF-IPS algorithm is feasible to further improve system performance and provide a cost-effective P2P VOD service with acceptable user experience.