摘要：Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of metals may provide a way to improve light absorption and utilization of semiconductors,achieving better solar light conversion and photocatalysis *** study uses the advantages of SPR in metallic Bi and artificial defects to cooperatively enhance the photocatalytic performance of *** catalysts were prepared by partial reduction of BiOI to form Bi@defective BiOI,which showed highly enhanced visible photocatalytic activity for NOx *** effects of reductant quantity on the photocatalytic performance of Bi@defective BiOI were *** as-prepared photocatalyst(Bi/BiOI-2)using 2 mmol of reductant NaBH4 showed the most efficient visible light photocatalytic *** enhanced activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of metallic Bi and oxygen *** electrons from the valence band tend to accumulate at vacancy states;therefore,the increased charge density would cause the adsorbed oxygen to transform more easily into superoxide radicals and,further,into hydroxyl *** radicals are the main active species that oxidize NO into final *** SPR effect of elemental Bi enables the improvement of visible light absorption efficiency and the promotion of charge carrier separation,which are crucial factors in boosting *** adsorption and reaction processes on Bi/BiOI-2 were dynamically monitored by in situ infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The Bi/BiOI photocatalysis mechanism co-mediated by elemental Bi and oxygen vacancies was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate products and DFT *** present work could provide new insights into the design of high-performance photocatalysts and understanding of the photocatalysis reaction mechanism for air-purification applications.

摘要：横断面研究是经典的研究设计方法之一,在临床各个专业中均有广泛的应用。在全科医学研究中大量科学问题的解答采用了横断面研究设计。这其中不仅包括了对人群健康特征,疾病特征或卫生服务现状的调查研究,还包括了面向社区人群的疾病筛查诊断方法构建等多种研究场景。在全科医学领域中,横断面研究可以做现况描述和比较分析,关联因素分析以及社区筛查诊断方法探索。开展横断面研究应包括研究设计和研究实施两个阶段,研究设计包括准确提炼研究目标,明确研究人群,研究因素及结局指标等临床要素以及确定样本获取方式,明确样本量的确定依据及合理的统计分析策略等方法学要素。研究实施,则需要通过完备的研究方案和病例报告表呈现研究设计思路,在伦理批准的前提下开展数据收集工作,同时注重数据管理工作质量并严格执行方案中的统计分析方法,求证医学问题。横断面研究的特点是相比于随访观察研究所需要的研究周期相对较短,不同基础的研究团队都能找到适合的研究方向,通过了解健康医疗现状,从探讨关联因素创建筛查方法等角度,服务社区医疗。

摘要：目的:评价一种中药植物鞭檐犁头尖(***)作为抗癌药物的临床前研究的系统综述。方法:对Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、LILACS、EBSCO Medline、Mendeley等7个数据库进行全面检索,检索时间截止到2023年9月8日。排除了临床试验和非原创的同行评议报告后,鞭檐犁头尖的提取物,组成,或分离化合物的体内外研究且经过同行评审的英文文献均被纳入。本研究定性评估了鞭檐犁头尖对不同肿瘤细胞、肿瘤大小和作用机制的有效性。证据质量由三名独立评估人员使用ToxRTool进行评估,并验证其一致性。结果:检索后共纳入27项研究:22项体外研究,4项体内研究,1项体内外研究。结果发现鞭檐犁头尖对白血病、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌有效。大多数研究的评估为“有限制的可靠”。鞭檐犁头尖通过阻断细胞周期、活化caspase-3/-9、分解PARP、裂解DNA、减少生存素含量、降低ROS表达、抑制COX-2和HSP70表达和抑制NF-kB通路等来诱导细胞凋亡。当与干扰素联合使用时,其能阻碍血管生成。结论:尽管鞭檐犁头尖具有良好的抗癌活性,但其作为单独抗癌药物的疗效尚不确定。它似乎更适合用于癌症的补充或联合治疗。研究设计不理想,报告不完整,以及在多篇文章中没有纳入适当的阳性对照和统计分析可能是本研究缺乏结论性证据的原因。

摘要：To improve the level of active traffic management,a short-term traffic flow prediction model is proposed by combining phase space reconstruction(PSR)and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)***,the traditional data preprocessing method is *** new method uses hierarchical clustering to determine the traffic flow state and fills in missing and abnormal data according to different traffic flow ***,one-dimensional data are mapped into a multidimensional data matrix through PSR,and the time series complex network is used to verify the data reconstruction ***,the multidimensional data matrix is inputted into the XGBoost model to predict future traffic flow *** experimental results show that the mean square error,average absolute error,and average absolute percentage error of the prediction results of the PSR-XGBoost model are 5.399%,1.632%,and 6.278%,respectively,and the required running time is 17.35 *** with mathematical-statistical models and other machine learning models,the PSR-XGBoost model has clear advantages in multiple predictive indicators,proving its feasibility and superiority in short-term traffic flow prediction.

摘要：实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。

摘要：Objective:The study aimed to investigate the level and factors associated with the resilience of nurses practicing at the main COVID-19 referral center in ***:The study utilized a cross-sectional survey *** were collected electronically in the spring of 2020 from 265 *** questionnaire included five sections:demographic characteristics,job satisfaction,turnover intentions,exposure to violence,and resilience *** linear regression was used to determine factors associated with ***:Results showed that the overall score of resilience among nurses was 66.91±*** nurses were satisfied with their job(67.8%),and most nurses reported that it is unlikely for them to quit their present work in the coming year(76.2%).Over the last year,three-quarters of nurses(74.7%)reported being ever exposed to a form of occupational *** resilience of nurses was directly associated with job satisfaction and male gender and inversely associated with intention-to-quit and exposure to violence(P<0.05).Conclusions:Enhancing the resilience of nurses at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic improves their job satisfaction and retention and would help support the effectiveness and efficiency of care *** managers can regularly investigate the resilience of nurses and offer interventions that would strengthen it,especially at times of crisis.

摘要：Objective: As one of the most popular designs used in genetic research, family-based design has been well recognized for its advantages, such as robustness against population stratification and admixture. With vast amounts of genetic data collected from family-based studies, there is a great interest in studying the role of genetic markers from the aspect of risk prediction. This study aims to develop a new statistical approach for family-based risk prediction analysis with an improved prediction accuracy compared with existing methods based on family history. Methods: In this study, we propose an ensemble-based likelihood ratio(ELR) approach, Fam-ELR, for family-based genomic risk prediction. Fam-ELR incorporates a clustered receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve method to consider correlations among family samples, and uses a computationally efficient tree-assembling procedure for variable selection and model building. Results: Through simulations, Fam-ELR shows its robustness in various underlying disease models and pedigree structures, and attains better performance than two existing family-based risk prediction methods. In a real-data application to a family-based genome-wide dataset of conduct disorder, Fam-ELR demonstrates its ability to integrate potential risk predictors and interactions into the model for improved accuracy, especially on a genome-wide level. Conclusions: By comparing existing approaches, such as genetic risk-score approach, Fam-ELR has the capacity of incorporating genetic variants with small or moderate marginal effects and their interactions into an improved risk prediction model. Therefore, it is a robust and useful approach for high-dimensional family-based risk prediction, especially on complex disease with unknown or less known disease etiology.

摘要：受最新材料科学、计算机技术、人工智能和自动控制技术的启发,新一代交通基础设施正在走向数字化和智能化。世界上许多主要发达国家都在因地制宜,积极推动智能创新技术在交通基础设施中的应用。本文首先简要介绍了交通基础设施智能化的基本概念、科学依据和发展历程。然后,按照设计、施工、运维、淘汰的全生命周期链条,系统分析了智能化技术的研究现状和面临的主要挑战。随后,以世界上第一条基于智能建设理念建设的铁路——北京-张家口高铁为例,全面介绍了智能技术的最新成就。最后,从标准体系、理论方法和人才培养三个维度对交通基础设施智能化的未来发展进行了探讨。

摘要：Coal mine fires,which can cause heavy casualties,environmental damages and a waste of coal resources,have become a worldwide *** at overcoming the drawbacks,such as a low analysis efficiency,poor stability and large monitoring error,of the existing underground coal fire monitoring technology,a novel monitoring system based on non-dispersive infrared(NDIR)spectroscopy is *** this study,first,the measurement principle of NDIR sensor,the gas concentration calculation and its temperature compensation algorithms were ***,taking CO and CH_(4) as examples,the liner correlation coefficients of absorbance and the temperature correction factors of the two indicator gases were calculated,and then the errors of concentration measurement for CO,CO_(2),CH_(4) and C_(2)H_(4) were further *** results disclose that the designed NDIR sensors can satisfy the requirements of industrial standards for monitoring the indicator gases for coal fire *** the established NDIR-based monitoring system,the NDIRbased spectrum analyzer and its auxiliary equipment boast intrinsically safe and explosion-proof performances and can achieve real-time and in-situ detection of indicator gases when installed close to the coal fire risk area ***,a field application of the NDIR-based monitoring system in a coal mine shows that the NDIR-based spectrum analyzer has a permissible difference from the chromatography in measuring the concentrations of various indicator ***,the advantages of high accuracy,quick analysis and excellent security of the NDIR-based monitoring system have promoted its application in many coal mines.

摘要：目前，转化型研究（translational research）已成为医学研究理念的基石，通过实验室和临床工作者相互合作可以促进医学的重大发展。尽管目前为手术提供的麻醉监护是相当安全的，但在依然具有风险的围手术期，要取得专业上的新进展就需要建立转化型研究以解决临床问题。临床研究的合理设计依赖于良好的、大量可重复的临床前数据来支持进行前瞻性临床研究的大规模投入，而只有大规模的前瞻性研究结果才具有足够的研究效力以指导改变临床实践的实施。