摘要：This paper presents the fundamentals of a continuous adjoint method and the applications of this method to the aerodynamic design optimization of both external and internal *** formulation of the continuous adjoint equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are *** the adjoint method,the complete gradient information needed in the design optimization can be obtained by solving the governing flow equations and the corresponding adjoint equations only once for each cost function,regardless of the number of design *** inverse design of airfoil is firstly performed to study the accuracy of the adjoint gradient and the effectiveness of the adjoint method as an inverse design *** the method is used to perform a series of single and multiple point design optimization problems involving the drag reduction of airfoil,wing,and wing-body configuration,and the aerodynamic performance improvement of turbine and compressor blade *** results demonstrate that the continuous adjoint method can efficiently and significantly improve the aerodynamic performance of the design in a shape optimization problem.

摘要：Demand for large vibrating screen is huge in the mineral processing industry. As bending and random vibration are not considered in a traditional design method for beam structures of a large vibrating screen, fatigue damage occurs frequently to affect the screening performance. This work aims to conduct a systematic mechanics analysis of the beam structures and improve the design method. Total motion of a beam structure in screening process can be decomposed into the traditional followed rigid translation(FRT), bending vibration(BV) and axial linear-distributed random rigid translation(ALRRT) excited by the side-plates. When treated as a generalized single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) elastic system analytically, the BV can be solved by the Rayleigh's method. Stochastic analysis for random process is conducted for the detailed ALRRT calculation. Expressions for the mechanics property, namely, the shearing force and bending-moment with respect to BV and ALRRT, are derived, respectively. Experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate that the largest BV exists at the beam center and can be nearly ignored in comparison with the FRT during a simplified engineering design. With the BV and FRT considered, the mechanics property accords well with the practical situation with the maximum error of 6.33%, which is less than that obtained by traditional method.

摘要：Since digital circuits have been widely and thoroughly applied in various fields, electronic systems are increasingly more complicated and require greater reliability. Faults may occur in electronic systems in complicated environments. If immediate field repairs are not made on the faults, electronic systems will not run normally, and this will lead to serious losses. The traditional method for improving system reliability based on redundant fault-tolerant technique has been unable to meet the requirements. Therefore, on the basis of(evolvable hardware)-based and(reparation balance technology)-based electronic circuit fault self-repair strategy proposed in our preliminary work, the optimal design of rectification circuits(RTCs) in electronic circuit fault self-repair based on global signal optimization is deeply researched in this paper. First of all, the basic theory of RTC optimal design based on global signal optimization is proposed. Secondly, relevant considerations and suitable ranges are analyzed. Then, the basic flow of RTC optimal design is researched. Eventually, a typical circuit is selected for simulation verification, and detailed simulated analysis is made on five circumstances that occur during RTC evolution. The simulation results prove that compared with the conventional design method based RTC, the global signal optimization design method based RTC is lower in hardware cost, faster in circuit evolution, higher in convergent precision, and higher in circuit evolution success rate. Therefore, the global signal optimization based RTC optimal design method applied in the electronic circuit fault self-repair technology is proven to be feasible, effective, and advantageous.

摘要：In design optimization of crane metal structures, present approaches are based on simple models and mixed variables, which are difficult to use in practice and usually lead to failure of optimized results for rounding variables. Crane metal structure optimal design（CMSOD） belongs to a constrained nonlinear optimization problem with discrete variables. A novel algorithm combining ant colony algorithm with a mutation-based local search（ACAM） is developed and used for a real CMSOD for the first time. In the algorithm model, the encoded mode of continuous array elements is introduced. This not only avoids the need to round optimization design variables during mixed variable optimization, but also facilitates the construction of heuristic information, and the storage and update of the ant colony pheromone. Together with the proposed ACAM, a genetic algorithm（GA） and particle swarm optimization（PSO） are used to optimize the metal structure of a crane. The optimization results show that the convergence speed of ACAM is approximately 20% of that of the GA and around 11% of that of the PSO. The objective function value given by ACAM is 22.23% less than the practical design value, a reduction of 16.42% over the GA and 3.27% over the PSO. The developed ACAM is an effective intelligent method for CMSOD and superior to other methods.

摘要：A new general robust fuzzy approach was presented to control the position and the attitude of unmanned flying vehicles(UFVs). Control of these vehicles was challenging due to their nonlinear underactuated behaviors. The proposed control system combined great advantages of generalized indirect adaptive sliding mode control(IASMC) and fuzzy control for the UFVs. An on-line adaptive tuning algorithm based on Lyapunov function and Barbalat lemma was designed, thus the stability of the system can be guaranteed. The chattering phenomenon in the sliding mode control was reduced and the steady error was also alleviated. The numerical results, for an underactuated quadcopter and a high speed underwater vehicle as case studies, indicate that the presented adaptive design of fuzzy sliding mode controller performs robustly in the presence of sensor noise and external disturbances. In addition, online unknown parameter estimation of the UFVs, such as ground effect and planing force especially in the cases with the Gaussian sensor noise with zero mean and standard deviation of 0.5 m and 0.1 rad and external disturbances with amplitude of 0.1 m/s2 and frequency of 0.2 Hz, is one of the advantages of this method. These estimated parameters are then used in the controller to improve the trajectory tracking performance.

摘要：The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are *** on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is *** PIN junctions with and without the proposed electrode pattern are fabricated and measured under the illumination of ^（63）*** show that the proposed electrode can reduce the backscattering and shadowing for the beta particles from ^（63）Ni to increase the GaAs betavoltaic battery short circuit currents effectively but has little impact on the fill factors and ideal factors.

摘要：The wear rate between the rotors of a hypotrochoidal gear pump is *** the knowledge of shape design on the rotors,the contact stresses without hydrodynamic effect between the rotor teeth were evaluated through the calculation of the Hertzian contact *** on the above results and the sliding velocity between the rotors,a genetic algorithm (GA) was used as an optimization technique forminimizing the wear rate proportional factor (WRPF).The result shows that the wear rate or the WRPF can be reduced considerably,*** 12.8%,throughout the optimization using GA.

摘要：The problem of designing passive fault-tolerant flight controller is addressed when the normal and faulty cases are prescribed. First of all, the considered fault and fault-free cases are formed by polytopes. As considering that the safety of a post-fault system is directly related to the maximum values of physical variables in the system, peak-to-peak gain is selected to represent the relationships among the amplitudes of actuator outputs, system outputs, and reference commands. Based on the parameter dependent Lyapunov and slack methods, the passive fault-tolerant flight controllers in the absence/presence of system uncertainty for actuator failure cases are designed, respectively. Case studies of an airplane under actuator failures are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach

摘要：A novel method was proposed to design the structure of a bone tissue engineering scafold based on triply periodic minimal *** this method,reverse engineering software was used to reconstruct the surface from point cloud *** method overcomes the limitations of commercially available software packages that prevent them from generating models with complex surfaces used for bone tissue engineering ***,the fluid feld of the scafolds was simulated through a numerical method based on fnite volume and the cell proliferation performance was evaluated via an in vitro *** cell proliferation and the mass flow evaluated in a bioreactor further verifed the flow feld simulated using computational fluid *** result of this study illustrates that the pressure value drops rapidly from 0.103 Pa to 0.011 Pa in the y-axis direction and the mass flow is unevenly distributed in the *** mass flow in the side outlets is observed to be approximately 24.3 times higher thanthe ***,although the mean value of wall shear stress is signifcantly more than 0.05 Pa,there is stil a large area with a suitable shear stress below 0.05 Pa where most cells can proliferate *** result shows that th inlet velocity 0.0075 m/s is suitable for cell proliferation in the *** study provides an insight into the design analysis,and in vitro experiment of a bone tissue engineering scafold.

摘要：The current research of processing large size fabrication holes on complex spatial curved surface mainly focuses on the CNC flame cutting machines design for ship hull of ship manufacturing. However, the existing machines cannot meet the continuous cutting requirements with variable pass conditions through their fixed configuration, and cannot realize high-precision processing as the accuracy theory is not studied adequately. This paper deals with structure design and accuracy prediction technology of novel machine tools for solving the problem of continuous and high-precision cutting. The needed variable trajectory and variable pose kinematic characteristics of non-contact cutting tool are figured out and a metamorphic CNC flame cutting machine designed through metamorphic principle is presented. To analyze kinematic accuracy of the machine, models of joint clearances, manufacturing tolerances and errors in the input variables and error models considering the combined effects are derived based on screw theory after establishing ideal kinematic models. Numerical simulations, processing experiment and trajectory tracking experiment are conducted relative to an eccentric hole with bevels on cylindrical surface respectively. The results of cutting pass contour and kinematic error interval which the position error is from -0.975 mm to ＋0.628 mm and orientation error is from -0.01 rad to ＋0.01 rad indicate that the developed machine can complete cutting process continuously and effectively, and the established kinematic error models are effective although the interval is within a ＇large＇ range. It also shows the matching property between metamorphic principle and variable working tasks, and the mapping correlation between original designing parameters and kinematic errors of machines. This research develops a metamorphic CNC flame cutting machine and establishes kinematic error models for accuracy analysis of machine tools.