摘要：The aim of this study is to find an optimal design for a distributed hybrid renewable energy system(HRES) for a residential house in the UK. The hybrid system, which consists of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator, batteries and converters, is designed to meet the known dynamic electrical load of the house and make use of renewable energy resources available locally. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables(HOMER) software is used for this study. Different combinations of wind turbines, PV arrays, a biodiesel generator and batteries are evaluated and compared using the NPC(Net Present Cost) method to find the optimal solutions. The HRES is modeled, simulated and optimized using HOMER. The results showed that the wind-biodiesel engine-battery system was the best with the lowest NPC(USD 60254) and the lowest COE(Cost of Energy, USD 0.548/k Wh) while the second best system added PV arrays. This study gives evidence of the key contribution wind turbines make to HRES due to abundant wind resources in the UK, especially in Wales.

摘要：目的:常规负载口独立控制研究多采用商业阀进行,因其阀芯位移控制器为封闭式结构,所以阀芯位移的动态特性难以调整,进而影响了系统的压力和流量控制性能。本文旨在探讨负载口独立控制系统中阀芯位移特性对系统压力和流量控制的影响,并研究提高系统压力和流量控制性能的方法。创新点:1.设计基于两级模糊比例积分微分(PID)的压力和流量控制器;2.设计基于阀芯位移反馈的流量控制器;3.建立试验模型,成功实现液压系统高动态压力流量复合控制。方法:1.通过理论分析得到影响系统压力和流量的关键因素(公式(9)和(13));2.提出位移控制为内环、压力和流量控制为外环的两级模糊PID控制算法,并开发相应的控制系统(图2～4);3.通过仿真和实验分析,验证本文提出的控制器所具有的阀芯位移、系统压力和流量的控制效果(图13～18)。结论:1.两级模糊PID控制器具有较好的系统压力和流量控制效果;2.基于阀芯位移反馈的流量控制器具有较高的流量控制精度;3.运用本文设计的可编程控制系统进行液压系统的压力流量复合控制,稳定时间小于200 ms,使系统动态特性得到提高。

摘要：The development of new products of high quality, low unit cost, and short lead time to market are the key elements required for any enterprise to obtain a competitive advantage. This part of the paper presents a methodology to automatically simulate the conceptual design results in the virtual entity form. To the identified basic mechanisms, their kinematic analysis is carried out by matching basic Barranov trusses, and their virtual entities are modeled based on feature-based technique and encapsulated as one design object. Based on the structures of the basic mechanisms and their connections, a space layout to the mechanical system corresponding to the symbolic scheme is then fulfilled. With the preset-assembly approach, all parts in the mechanical system are put onto proper positions where the constraint equations are met according to the space layout results. In this way, the virtual entity assembly model of the mechanical system relative to the symbolic scheme is set up. The approach presented in this paper can not only obtain innovative conceptual conceptual design results, but also can evaluate their performances under 3-D enviroment efficently.

摘要：The rapid development of information and communication technologies(ICTs)and cyber-physical systems(CPSs)has paved the way for the increasing popularity of smart ***-awareness is an important facet of product *** artifacts,various bio-systems are naturally characterized by their extraordinary *** inspired design(BID)is one of the most commonly employed design ***,few studies have examined the BID of context-aware smart products to *** paper presents a structured design framework to support the BID of context-aware smart *** meaning of context-awareness is defined from the perspective of product *** framework is developed based on the theoretical foundations of the situated function-behavior-structure ontology.A structured design process is prescribed to leverage various biological inspirations in order to support different conceptual design activities,such as problem formulation,structure reformulation,behavior reformulation,and function *** existing design methods and emerging design tools are incorporated into the framework.A case study is presented to showcase how this framework can be followed to redesign a robot vacuum cleaner and make it more context-aware.

摘要：The development of new products of high quality, low unit cost, and short lead time to market are the key elements required for any enterprise to obtain a competitive advantage. For shorting the lead time to market and improving the creativity and performances of the product, a rule-based conceptual design approach and a methodology to simulate the conceptual design results generated in conceptual design process in automatical virtual entity form are presented in this paper. This part of paper presents a rule-based conceptual design method for generating creative conceptual design schemes of mechanisms based on Yan＇s kinematic chain regeneration creative design method. The design rules are adopted to describe the design requirements of the functional characteristics, the connection relationships and topological characteristics among mechanisms. Through the graphs-based reasoning process, the conceptual design space is expanded extremely, and the potential creative conceptual design results are then dug out. By refining the design rules, the solution exploration problem is avioded, and the tendentious conceptual design schemes are generated. Since mechanical, electrical and hydraulic subsystems can be transformed into general mechansims, the conceptual design method presented in this paper can also be applied in the conceptual design problem of complex mechatronic systems. And then the method to identify conceptual design schemes is given.

摘要：The study of the movement behavior of geckos on a vertical surface, including the measurement and recording of the reaction forces as they move in different directions, plays an important role in understanding the mechanics of the animals' locomotion. This study provides inspiration for the design of a control system for a bionics robot. The three-dimensional reaction forces of vertical surface-climbing geckos (Gekko gecko) were measured using a three-dimensional force-sensors-array. The behavior of gecko as it moved on a vertical surface was recorded with a high speed camera at 215 fps and the function of each foot of a gecko are discussed in this paper. The results showed that the gecko increased its velocity of movement mainly by increasing the stride frequency in the upward, downward and leftward direction and that the speed had no significant relationship to the attachment and detachment times. The feet above the center-of-mass play a key role in supporting the body, driving locomotion and balancing overturning etc. The movement behavior and foot function of geckos change correspondingly for different conditions, which results in safe and effective free vertical locomotion. This research will be helpful in designing gecko-like robots including the selection of gait planning and its control.

摘要：Biogas fermentation requires appropriate temperature,while the biogas fermentation can be affected by the low ambient temperature in *** order to overcome the negative effects of low temperature fermentation,a new type of solar heat pipe biogas fermentation heating system was designed and a preliminary experiment research on this system was conducted using cow manure as the raw material at 6%concentration and total fermentation volume of 175 *** experimental results showed that when the system was in normal operation,the fermentation temperature rose every day by *** gradient will gradually become smaller with the increase of fermentation liquid temperature,and the temperature can reach 38°C after *** this solar heat pipe heating system,the fermentation liquid temperature can be increased by 5°C every sunny *** solar heat pipe heating system plays a significant role in biogas *** results of economic analysis show that the system can realize the fermentation at constant temperatures of 25°C and 35°C respectively,and it can also save standard coal equivalent of 40 kg and 80 kg in winter and spring,respectively.

摘要：This paper focuses on the use of the touchpad （key）, STC89C51RC monolithic integrated circuit PWM control signal, which changed the traditional mechanical buttons as a DC motor rotational speed and steering control method. Touch switch advantages compared with the traditional mechanical switches are： first, the quieter second, more sensitive; third, faster; four, long life and so on. Specialized chips are also used in the article the PWM signal system, and the principle of PWM signal, method and how the software adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal to control its input signal waveforms are are described in detail. In addition, this article also introduced consisting of triode amplifier circuit of h-bridge amplifier as a DC motor driving module, enabling the control of DC motor speed. On the software side, PI was described in detail in the article arithmetic program initializes write ideas and specific programs such as program implementation.

摘要：A large number of experiments have been done for analyzing the two important indicators -compressive strength and flexural strength, which affect computer numerical control （CNC） engraving material physical properties. Using Matlab for simulation experiment, the processing quality of different intensity brick materials is analyzed by the theory of fracture toughness. The result show that porosity is an important factor for engraving, and the research also provide a reference for further study which can improve the quality of brick carving.

摘要：Optimization of the curing process can not control the deformation of composite part prepared in autoclave accurately. And traditional ＂trial-and-error＂ tool surface compensation approach is low efficiency, high cost and can not control part deformation quantificationally. In order to address these issues, tool compensation approach based on FEA is presented. Model of multi-field coupling relationship in autoclave is realized. And finite element analysis model of composite part＇s curing process is developed to analyze part deformation. According to displacement of the part surface nodes after deformation, tool surface which compensated by the displacement of composite part which analyzed by FEA is used to control part deformation. A cylindrical composite part is ana- lyzed to verify the approach, and the result proves the correctness and validity of the approach.