摘要：Professor Kazunari Domen at the Shinshu university and the university of Tokyo has pioneered materials and techniques for solar-driven water splitting using photocatalysts,a promising technology for contributing to the construction of a sustainable and carbon-neutral *** this paper,we summarize his groundbreaking contributions to photocatalytic water splitting and,more broadly,photocatalytic *** highlight various novel functional photocatalytic materials,including oxides,(oxy)nitrides,and oxysulfides,along with innovative techniques such as cocatalyst engineering and Z-scheme system construction developed by the Domen *** team has also pioneered readily accessible and cost-effective photo(electro)chemical device fabrication methods,such as the particle-transfer method and thin-film-transfer ***,their research has made significant contributions to understanding the(photo)catalytic mechanisms using advanced characterization *** with his research team,Professor Domen has set many milestones in the field of photocatalytic overall water splitting,notably demonstrating the first scalable and stable 100 m^(2)solar H_(2)production system using only water and *** work has revealed the potential for practical solar H2 production from water and sunlight,and highlighted the application of fundamental principles,combined with chemical and materials science tools,to design effective photocatalytic *** this review,we focus on his research and the foundational design principles that can inspire the development of efficient photocatalytic systems for water splitting and solar fuel *** building on his contributions,we anticipate a significant impact on addressing major global energy challenges.

摘要：Energy and resources including coal, oil, and gas are in demand all over the world. Because these resources near the earth's surface have been exploited for many years, the extraction depth has *** mining shafts in the coal extraction process become deeper, especially in western China, an artificial freezing method is used and is concentrated in the fractured rock mass. The frost-heaving pressure(FHP)is directly related to the degree of damage of the fractured rock mass. This paper is focused on FHP during the freezing process, with emphasis on the frost-heaving phenomenon in engineering materials. A review of the frost phenomenon in the geotechnical engineering literature indicates that:(1) During the soil freezing process, the ice content that is influenced by unfrozen water and the freezing rate are the determining factors of FHP;(2) During the freezing process of rock and other porous media, the resulting cracks should be considered because the FHP may damage the crack structure;(3) The FHP in a joint rock mass is analyzed by the joint deformation in field and experimental tests and can be simulated by the equivalent expansion method including water migration and joint deformation.

摘要：Two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)hybrid nanomaterials have triggered extensive research in the photocatalytic *** construction of emerging 2D/2D heterostructures can generate many intriguing advantages in exploring high-performance photocatalysts,mainly including preferable dimensionality design allowing large contact interface area,integrated merits of each 2D component and rapid charge separation by the heterojunction ***,we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the fundamental aspects,general synthesis strategies(in situ growth and ex situ assembly)of 2D/2D heterostructured photocatalysts and highlight their applications in the fields of hydrogen evolution,CO2 reduction and removal of ***,the perspectives on the remaining challenges and future opportunities regarding the development of 2D/2D heterostructure photocatalysts are also presented.

摘要：基本医疗(初级保健)是一门独特的临床专业和研究学科,具有其自身的视角和方法。该领域的研究使用多种研究方法和研究设计来调查各种主题。基本医疗(初级保健)的多样性对其研究内容的报告提出了挑战,尽管已有大量报告指南问世,但没有一项指南专门针对基本医疗(初级保健)学科的需求而设。基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)清单,旨在指导基本医疗(初级保健)研究的报告,包括提供基本医疗(初级保健)相关人群(从业者、患者和社区)所需的信息。CRISP清单完善了现有指南,有利于基本医疗(初级保健)研究结果的报告、传播和应用。先前的CRISP研究,探索了在该领域改善研究内容报告的可能性。工作组通过对国际化、跨学科和跨专业的基本医疗(初级保健)社区的调查,确定了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中需要包含的基本条目。工作组开展了一项包含两轮德尔菲的研究,对必要的条目达成了共识,并汇总成清单。CRISP清单包含24个条目,涵盖了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中的研究团队、患者、研究参与者、健康状况、临床接触、护理团队、干预、研究测量、照护环境,以及研究结果的实施等方面。并非全部条目都适用于每种研究设计或主题。CRISP指南为设计和报告以下三类研究提供了参考信息:(1)基本医疗(初级保健)研究人员开展的研究,(2)其他研究人员在基本医疗(初级保健)人群和环境中开展的研究,(3)旨在应用于基本医疗(初级保健)实践中的研究,从而改进对临床服务和研究过程背景的报告。这对于解释研究结果并将其应用于基本医疗(初级保健)的不同人群和环境至关重要。

摘要：The quest for low‐cost yet efficient non‐Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)has become one of the main focuses of research in the field of catalysis,which has implications for the development of the next generation of greener fuel ***,we comprehensively describe the'big picture'of recent advances made in the rational design of ORR electrocatalysts,including molecule‐based,metal‐oxide‐based,metal‐nanomaterial‐based and two‐dimensional *** metals can fabricate molecular electrocatalysts with N4‐macrocycles such as porphyrin‐class compounds and the so‐formed M-N-C active centre plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic performances towards the ***‐IV and‐V Transition metal oxides represent another class of promising alternative of Pt‐based catalysts for the ORR which catalytic activity largely depends on the surface structure and the introduction of surface *** advances in synthesis of metallic nanoparticles(NPs)allow for precise control over particle sizes and shapes and the crystalline facets exposed to enhance the ORR performance of ***‐dimensional materials such as functionalized grapheme or MoS2are emerging as novel electrocatalysts for the *** review covers various aspects towards the design of future ORR electrocatalysts,including the catalytic performance,stability,durability and *** novel electrocatalysts even surpass commercial Pt/C systems,demonstrating their potential to be alternatives in industrial *** the encouraging progress,challenges,which are also described,remain to be overcome before the real‐world application of novel ORR electrocatalysts.

摘要：自适应巡航系统(ACC)利用汽车周围的雷达来检测该汽车周围的情况,对车前某一区域的车速与距离进行判定,自动对车辆速度与跟车距离进行调节。本设计从MATLAB仿真软件出发,对汽车自适应巡航系统的上层控制器和驱动电机进行设计,在Simulink中得到了稳定性强,抗干扰性能高的电机模型;在MATLAB的模糊推理系统中得到了输入Dr(两车距离),Vr(两车速度)与输出加速度a-ses的三维数学模型,从MATLAB的三维模型中可知,该上层控制器曲面光滑程度较好,表明输出接近连续;曲面的起伏较为平缓,表明性能优良,符合设计应用需求。

摘要：澳大利亚的独立国家时代恰逢无线电时代的开始,无线电快速发展和大规模应用,在澳大利亚的历史和社会生活中发挥着核心作用。澳大利亚人民在无线电技术出现的早期便热情地接受了这项新发明,并且使之很快就成了他们日常生活中不可分割的一部分。在此过程中,澳大利亚政府意识到了无线电技术的重要性并且迅速采取了行动,以确保政府对无线电技术保留最终控制权。这意味着在无线电发展和应用的早期,澳大利亚联邦政府一直对其进行管制,所有的无线电活动都是由联邦政府负责的。在澳大利亚国家的发展过程中,无线电技术在一定程度上推动了其社会结构的变革。

摘要：A validated numerical model was established to simulate gas−liquid flow behaviors in the oxygen-enriched side-blown bath *** model included the slip velocity between phases and the gas thermal expansion *** modeling results were verified with theoretical correlations and experiments,and the nozzle-eroded states in practice were also involved in the *** comparison,it is confirmed that the thermal expansion effect influences the flow pattern significantly,which may lead to the backward motion of airflow and create a potential risk to production ***,the influences of air injection velocity and furnace width on airflow behavior were investigated to provide operating and design *** is found that the thin layer melt,which avoids high-rate oxygen airflow eroding nozzles,shrinks as the injection velocity increases,but safety can be guaranteed when the velocity ranges from 175 to 275 m/***,the isoline patterns and heights of thin layers change slightly when the furnace width increases from 2.2 to 2.8 m,indicating that the furnace width shows a limited influence on production safety.

摘要：粉末床熔融增材制造技术已应用于功能梯度材料的制造.文献中报道了一种材料成分沿垂直于粉末铺粉方向变化的新设计.基于此设计,本工作采用离散单元数值模拟研究了两种密度差异较大的金属粉末在铺粉过程中颗粒的偏析情况.结果发现,在铺粉过程中,较大密度粉末(重颗粒)一侧的铺粉量小于较小密度粉末(轻颗粒)的一侧的铺粉量.这种现象表明重颗粒从粉末密度大的一侧向粉末密度较小的一侧扩散.这种扩散受铺粉速度影响较大,铺粉速度越快,扩散越明显.但粉末层厚度对扩散影响不大.结果还表明,重颗粒与轻颗粒间的粒径差异影响扩散较大,减小重颗粒的粒径可能是控制颗粒偏析的一种方案.

摘要：概述了未来人类对过量二氧化碳排放的处理办法,即碳的捕获和存储(CCS)。简介了4种二氧化碳的分离工艺及特点和工业中二氧化碳的捕获系统。阐述了变压吸附工艺的基本原理和其在捕获工业废气中二氧化碳上的应用,以及变压吸附分离二氧化碳的工艺在循环结构设计、吸附剂材料和数值模拟等方面的研究进展和国内外的工业化应用。分析了目前该工艺仍存在的问题,指出该技术具有广阔的应用前景。