摘要：This novel face mask is designed to be a reusable respirator with a small and highly efficient disposable fabric *** material requirements are reduced by 75%compared to traditional designs and allow repeated cleaning or *** probability of virus particle inhalation is reduced using novel air filtration pathways,through square-waveform design to increase filter *** enters the mask from right and left side filters,while the area in front of the mouth is *** epoxy is used for a transparent frame,allowing lip-reading,and mask edges contain a silicone seal preventing bypass of the *** mask is manufactured using silicone molds,eliminating electricity requirements making it economical and viable in developing *** fluid dynamics numerical studies and Fluent ANSYS software were used to simulate airflow through the filter to optimize filter air path geometry and validate mask design with realistic human *** breathing cycle was represented as a transient function,and N95 filter specifications were selected as a porous *** novel design achieved 1.2×10^(−3) kg s^(−1),20%higher than human requirements,with air streamlines velocity indicating local high speed,forcing and trapping virus particles against filter walls through centrifugal forces.

摘要：nano 金属氧化物的抗菌剂性质(ZnO， CuO ) 基于反应的氧种类(ROS ) 的形成。这个工作表明这些 nano 金属氧化物的抗菌剂性质强烈依赖于他们的水晶的结构。nanooxides 的抗菌剂活动对通常引起医院的感染的细菌的四种类型被测试。sonochemical 方法在纺织品上为 nanooxides 而且到他们的涂层的合成被使用不仅。与商业、 sonochemically 准备的 nano 金属氧化物涂的纺织品的抗菌剂性质被评估并且比较。毒性在人的肺房间和两栖动物胚胎上被评估，作为为吸入和水的毒物学的代表性的模型。sonochemically 准备的金属 nanooxides 比有一样的粒子尺寸范围的商业地可得到的金属氧化物是更好的抗菌剂。有更多的缺点和更少的组织结构的雏晶是更多，这被发现有毒。ROS 的形成被电子纺纱学习为两个的回声(ESR ) 大小 sonochemically 准备了并且 ZnO/CuO nanoparticles 的商业样品。激进的种类的生产的重要增加在更有缺点的、 sonochemically 准备的样品被发现，作为与商业的相比。因为 nanoparticle 缺点的调整影响了他们的毒性，设计更安全的 nano 抗菌剂的可能性被显示。

摘要：The optimization of the scaffolds to provide a suitable matrix and accelerate the regeneration process is vital for bone tissue ***,poor mechanical and biological characteristics remain the primary challenges that must be *** example,although bredigite(Br)has shown great potential for application in bone tissue engineering,it easily fails in *** the present work,these challenges are addressed by reinforcing the Br matrix with nanosheets of graphene oxide(rGO)that have been reduced by bovine serum albumin(BSA)in order to enhance the mechanical properties and biological *** reduction of graphene oxide by BSA improves the water stability of the nanosheets and provides an electrostatic interaction between theBSA-rGO nanosheets and theBr *** high thermal conductivity of theBSA-rGO nanosheets decreases the porosity of the Br by transferring heat to the core of the ***,the addition of BSA-rGO nanosheets into the Br matrix enhances the adhesion of G-292 cells on the surface of the *** findings suggest that the tablet consisting of BSA-rGO-reinforced Br has encouraging potential for application in bone tissue engineering.

摘要：二氧化锡(SnO_(2))具有高的理论比容量,有望作为下一代锂离子电池负极材料.然而,Sn向SnO_(2)的不可逆转化以及充放电过程中巨大的体积变化限制了其实际的应用.本文基于三维互连多孔氧化铝模板,设计合成了一种由内腔同时填充NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒的碳管基元相互连接组成的三维碳管网格膜,可以直接作为自支撑的高性能锂离子电池负极.该复合框架利用了NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒的协同作用,不仅能够促进Sn向SnO_(2)的可逆转变,提高首次库伦效率,而且还可以缓释充放电过程中SnO_(2)剧烈的体积变化.此外,相互连接的三维碳管框架可以负载大量NiO和SnO_(2)纳米颗粒,缩短Li+的扩散距离,并作为快速的电子传输通道.因此,这种独特的结构赋予了该电极超高的储锂容量和倍率性能在1 A g^(-1)循环200次后,比容量达到928.5 mA h g^(-1),并且在4 A g^(-1)的高电流密度下仍然具有633.5 mA h g^(-1)的比容量.总之,这种独特的一体化结构在锂离子电池等储能领域具有广阔的应用前景.

摘要：这里，我们越过 graphene 氧化物报导离子运输的研究去各种各样的厚度的膜，由真空过滤做了变水溶液。二费用等价物钌建筑群离子 Rubpy 的散开的运输率 3 2+和 Ruphen 3 有亚埃尺寸差别的2+,，是可区分的通过去膜和他们的比率能是为探查运输相关的毛孔结构的一个唯一的工具。毛孔和裂缝主导的妨碍的散开模型被介绍并且相关给试验性的结果。我们的分析建议那离子运输被比 1.75 nm 大的大毛孔主要在直径便于在相对薄去膜，当裂缝形成了由时去在宽度叠不到 1.42 nm 仅仅在厚膜变得主导。由到侧面的飞机的 grafting 木钉分子去表，有扩大夹层间距的膜被设计，它在二个钌建筑群离子之中显示出急速地增加的离子运输率和更低的区别，与由裂缝主导的位的妨碍的散开模型的预言一致。

摘要：Critical bone defects are considered one of the major clinical challenges in reconstructive bone *** combination of 3D printed conductive scaffolds and exogenous electrical stimulation(ES)is a potential favorable approach for bone tissue *** this study,3D conductive scaffolds made with biocompatible and biodegradable polycaprolactone(PCL)and multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were produced using the extrusion-based additive manufacturing to treat large calvary bone defects in *** results show that the use of PCL/MWCNTs scaffolds and ES contributes to thicker and increased bone tissue formation within the bone *** and mineralization are also significantly promoted using high concentration of MWCNTs(3 wt%)and ***,scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)positive cell formation,while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but present limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities(receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)expressions).The use of ES promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expressions,showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling *** results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive PCL/MWCNTs scaffold and ES is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and ES for bone tissue engineering.

摘要：电解水反应包括析氢和析氧反应.相对于2电子转移的析氢反应,4电子转移的析氧反应比较缓慢.因此,理解析氧反应机制有助于设计高效电催化剂.其中析氧反应机制可以分为传统吸附机制和直接氧析出机制.在本文中,我们将蜂窝状Ni_(3)N-Co_(3)N生长在碳布上来调研其直接氧析出机制.密度泛函理论和原位拉曼证明了Ni_(3)N-Co_(3)N在反应过程中是直接氧析出机制,其中Ni_(3)N和Co_(3)N共同拉拽OH^(-)、劈裂H-O和吸附另外的OH^(-)基团,从而降低了反应活化能.不仅如此,蜂窝状结构和导电基体有助于结构稳定和提高氧气释放速率.因此,Ni_(3)N-Co_(3)N/CC在10和100 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下提供了320和495 mV的小过电势.同时,它也拥有更好的长期稳定性.

摘要：Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.

摘要：在许多恶劣的工作环境中,器件难免会曝露在电子束辐照下.对于单原子层厚度的二维材料而言,电子束辐照经常会造成其本征性能的衰减.如何避开这一影响对于多功能化的二维异质结器件来讲至关重要.然而,电子束辐照对于二维异质结的影响至今仍缺乏充分深入的研究.本工作发现利用异质结的堆垛可以阻碍单层二硫化钼(MoS_2)由于电子束辐照带来的性能衰退.通过在MoS_2与基底之间插入单层石墨烯,在同样剂量的电子束辐照轰击下,异质结区域的光致发光强度始终大于纯单层MoS_2;而且与纯单层区域明显的发光能量变化相比,MoS_2/石墨烯异质结区域的发光能量具有更佳的稳定性.这一现象归因于石墨烯的阻隔效应:由于单层石墨烯的存在抑制了基板对MoS_2的影响.此外,我们也系统地揭示了电子束辐照对MoS_2/石墨烯异质结拉曼光谱及电学传输特性的影响.本工作不仅有助于加深人们对二维异质结辐照效应的认知,同时也为新型抗辐射器件的设计开辟了新的途径.

摘要：合理设计和有一个定制的活跃核心和大、树枝状的、修改 mesoporous 的多功能的混合 nanostructures 的精确合成组织了壳能支持催化作用，精力存储，和生物应用。这里，油水双相层化涂层策略被开发了准备 monodisperse 磁性的树枝状的 mesoporous 硅石核心壳结构化的 nanospheres。这些复杂 Fe 3 O 4@SiO2@dendritic-mSiO2 nanospheres 特征大树枝状的开的毛孔(2.7 和 10.3 nm ) 。显著地，硅石壳能与未改变的孔， 14 的 Si/Al 臼齿的比率，和显著地强壮的酸的地点被变换成树枝状的 mesoporous 铝矽酸盐框架，通过一条合成以后的途径。另外，结果的磁性的树枝状的 mesoporous 铝矽酸盐 nanospheres 展览在从废水的磷酸盐移动的突出的性质和有希望的申请。