摘要：聚合物基固态电解质得益于其易加工性,最有希望应用于下一代固态锂金属电池.目前,聚合物基态电解质的离子电导率提升策略多为加入导锂陶瓷以构建离子传输通道,其提升程度有限.电场在锂离子输运过程中存在重要影响,目前研究中有关电场对锂离子传输的影响机制尚不明确.本文将兼具高离子电导率和高介电常数的铌酸锂嵌入聚偏氟乙烯基体中,设计了一种新型复合固态电解质.铌酸锂颗粒有效调节电解质内部电场结构,增强了离子输运方向电场强度,实现了离子电导率的大幅提升(7.39×10^(-4)S cm^(-1),25℃).该电解质匹配高镍正极和锂金属负极的固态电池可稳定循环1000次以上,容量保持率为72%.该研究为设计下一代固态锂电池用高离子电导复合固态电解质提供了新的策略.

摘要：Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are promising next-generation high energy density batteries but their practical application is hindered by several key problems,such as the intermediate polysulfide shuttling and the electrode degradation caused by the sulfur volume *** acts as one of the most essential components to build the electrodes of Li-S batteries,playing vital roles in improving the performance and maintaining the integrity of the cathode structure during cycling,especially those with high sulfur *** date,tremendous efforts have been devoted to improving the properties of binders,in terms of the viscosity,elasticity,stability,toughness and conductivity,by optimizing the composition and structure of polymer ***,the binder modification endows them strong polysulfide trapping ability to suppress the shuttling and decreases the swelling to maintain the porous structure of *** this review,we summarize the recent progress on the binders for Li-S batteries and discuss the various routes,including the binder combination use,functionalization,in-situ polymerization and ion cross-linking,etc.,to enhance their performance in stabilizing the cathode,building the high sulfur loading electrode and improving the cyclic *** last,the design principles and the problems in further applications are also highlighted.

摘要：长寿命溶解氧海水电池是深远海观测能源网络的重要组成单元,但海水贫氧复杂环境对设计高性能氧还原催化剂提出了重要挑战.本文以酞菁铁为模型催化剂,通过理论计算与实验验证,提出了活性位点电子轴向拉伸可大幅提升催化剂在极端贫氧环境中的氧还原活性和稳定性.该研究为构建高性能海水电池提供了材料学解决方案,同时为极端环境下催化剂的变革性设计提供了新的思路.

摘要：为提高锂离子电池的体积能量密度,电极的密度和厚度需要尽可能提高,以降低非活性组分在整个电池中的体积占比.但是,电极密度与厚度的增加,对电极,特别是对高容量硅负极循环过程中的力学稳定性提出了巨大的挑战.本工作针对硅碳复合电极材料,通过碳/硅界面的强化设计,实现"厚密"硅负极构建.利用可流动的硫模板法实现碳网络可控收缩,为硅纳米颗粒的定制限域碳笼,并辅以聚多巴胺界面修饰,以提高硅碳界面结合作用,最终获得增强界面的碳笼缓冲结构.进一步地,基于原位透射电子显微镜技术的平面压缩、垂直剪切等力学测试,以及力学-电化学耦合表征等解析硅碳增强界面对嵌锂膨胀硅纳米颗粒所发挥的力学缓冲作用.最终,基于此硅碳复合材料,获得具有高体积比容量和高面容量、稳定循环的"厚密"硅负极.