摘要：The design and efficacy of surgery for horizontal idiopathic nystagmus （HIN） with abnormal head posture and strabismus were investigated. Different surgical procedures were selected according to the angle of head turn in 44 cases of HIN with abnormal head posture and strabismus. For patients with a head turn of 15° or less, the Anderson procedure was used; the yoke muscles were recessed upon slow-phase. For patients with a head turn between 15° and 25°, the surgery was designed as a Kestenbaum 5-4-4-5 procedure. For patients with a head turn of 25° or more, the surgery was designed as a Parks 5-8-6-7 procedure. The surgery to correct the abnormal head posture was performed on the fixating eye while that to correct the deviation was then performed on the non-fixating eye at the same time. The amount of surgery of the horizontal rectus muscles on the nonfixating eye was sum of the angle of head turn and the degree of deviation, which was calculated as follows： recession/resection amount of medial and lateral rectis/2×5=angle of head turn±degree of deviation. The results showed as follows： （1） Visual acuity： the visual acuity in the primary ocular position increased two lines or more in 35 patients, accounting for 79.55%. Nine patients had no or only one-line improvement, accounting for 20.45% of the entire study population; （2） The degree of deviation in the primary ocular position： 37 cases had a normal primary ocular position or the degree of deviation ≤8△ after surgery, accounting for 84.09%. Six patients had a residual degree of deviation of 8△―15△, accounting for 13.64%. One patient had a residual degree of deviation 〉20△, accounting for 2.27% of the patients examined; （3） Abnormal head posture： 34 patients had a normal head posture or a head turn of less than 5°, accounting for 72.27%. Eight patients had a residual head turn of 5°―15°, accounting for 18.18%. Two patients had a head turn of 15°― 25°, accounting for 4.55%. It was concluded that different surgical

摘要：The keratoprosthesis(KPro;artificial cornea)is a special refractive device to replace human cornea by using heterogeneous forming materials for the implantation into the damaged eyes in order to obtain a certain *** main problems of artificial cornea are the biocompatibility and stability of the tissue particularly in penetrating *** current studies of tissue-engineered scaffold materials through comprising composites of natural and synthetic biopolymers together have developed a new way to artificial *** a wide agreement that the long-term stability of these devices would be greatly improved by the presence of cornea cells,modification of keratoprosthesis to support cornea cells remains *** of the studies on corneal substrate materials and surface modification of composites have tried to improve the growth and biocompatibility of cornea cells which can not only reduce the stimulus of heterogeneous materials,but also more importantly continuous and stable cornea cells can prevent the destruction of *** necrosis of stroma and spontaneous extrusion of the device,allow for maintenance of a precorneal tear layer,and play the role of ensuring a good optical surface and resisting bacterial *** a result,improvement in corneal cells has been the main aim of several recent investigations;some effort has focused on biomaterial for its well biological properties such as promoting the growth of cornea *** purpose of this review is to summary the growth status of the corneal cells after the implantation of several artificial corneas.

摘要：Since the late 1990s corneal crosslinking(CXL)has been proposed as a new possibility to stop progression of keratoconus or secondary corneal ectasia,with the promising aim to prevent progressive visual loss due to the evolution of the pathology and to delay or avoid invasive surgical procedures such as corneal *** possibility of strengthening corneal tissue by means of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by the combined action of Riboflavin and ultraviolet A irradiation(UVA),radically modified the conservative management of progressive corneal *** is a review of the state of the art of CXL,reporting basic and clinical *** paper describes basic principles,advantages and limits of different CXL techniques and possible future evolution of the procedure.

摘要：Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have been shown to promote osteogenesis;however,the effects of allogeneic BMSCs(allo-BMSCs)on bone regeneration remain ***,we explored the bone regeneration promotion effect of allo-BMSCs in 3D-printed autologous bone particle(ABP)***,we concurrently printed scaffolds with polycaprolactone,ABPs,and allo-BMSCs for appropriate support,providing bioactive factors and seed cells to promote *** vitro studies showed that ABP scaffolds promoted allo-BMSC osteogenic *** vivo studies revealed that the implantation of scaffolds loaded with ABPs and allo-BMSCs into canine skull defects for nine months promoted *** experiments suggested that only a small portion of implanted allo-BMSCs survived and differentiated into vascular endothelial cells,chondrocytes,and *** implanted allo-BMSCs released stromal cell-derived factor 1 through paracrine signaling to recruit native BMSCs into the defect,promoting bone *** study contributes to our understanding of allo-BMSCs,providing information relevant to their future application.

摘要：AIM: To evaluate contrast visual acuity(CVA) after implantation of an aspheric apodized diffractive intraocular lens(IOL) or a spherical apodized diffractive IOL in cataract surgery. ·METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled study with a 12-month follow-up compared the results of cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL(30 eyes) and a spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL(30 eyes). CVA with best distance correction was measured at 4 contrast levels(100%,25%,10% and 5%) under 3 levels of chart luminance [250,85 and 25 candelas per square meter(cd/m2)] using a multi-functional visual acuity tester(MFVA-100). ·RESULTS: At 12 months after surgery,there were no statistically significant differences in 100% CVA and 25% CVA under 250cd/m2(P100% =0.875 and P25% =0.057) and 85cd/m2(P100% =0.198 and P25% =0.193) between the aspheric group and the spherical group. However,the 10% CVA and 5% CVA were significant better in aspheric group than spherical group under 250cd/m2(P10% =0.042 and P5% = 0.007) and 85cd/m2(P10% =0.002 and P5%=0.039). Under the luminance level of 25cd/m 2,no significant differences was found in the 100% CVA between the 2 group(P100% = 0.245),while aspheric group had better visual acuity in the remaining 3 contracts(P25% =0.023,P10% =0.026 and P5% = 0.002,respectively). ·CONCULSION: The aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD3 IOL provided patients with better low-contrast visual acuity than the spherical AcrySof ReSTOR SN60D3 IOL.

摘要：AIM: To describe the design and preliminary results of the hospital based epidemiological study for diabetic retinopathy (HBESDR), an ongoing epidemiological study to estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to elucidate the clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and any other risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Totally 2000 diabetes will be recruited from the Diabetes eye clinic in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. All subjects underwent blood sugar estimation and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to diagnose diabetes. All diabetes would undergo complete questionnaire, a comprehensive eye examination. Blood and urine would be collected for biochemical investigations. All fundus photographs for any DR will be graded. Participants who need treatment will be sent to the ophthalmic clinic and follow-up interval program for all subjects will be suggested. A computerized database is created for the records. RESULTS: To date, 1174 diabetes have been recruited, there were 350 (29.81%) DR in all diabetes, most of them were with mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (139, 39.71%); 71 (20.29%) moderate NPDR, 66 (18.86%) severe NPDR, 74 (21.14%) proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Females, longer duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes and hypertension had a statistically significant increase in risk of any DR. CONCLUSION: The study is expected to provide an estimate of the overall prevalence of DR and the prevalence with different duration of diabetes and also a better understanding of the risk factors associated with DR.

摘要：AIM： To compare clinical results between toric and spherical periphery design orthokeratology（ortho-k） in myopic children with moderate-to-high corneal astigmatism. METHODS： This retrospective study enrolled 62 eyes of 62 subjects using toric ortho-k lenses. These subjects were assigned to the toric group. Based on the one-to-one match principle（same age, proximate spherical equivalence and corneal astigmatism）, 62 eyes of 62 subjects were enrolled and included in the spherical group. At one-year followup visit, visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, treatment zone decentration, axial elongation and adverse reaction were compared between these two groups. RESULTS： At the one-year visit, corneal astigmatism was significantly lower in the toric group（1.22±0.76 D） than in the spherical group（2.05±0.85 D）（P=0.012）. The mean magnitude of the treatment zone decentration was 0.62±0.42 mm in the toric group and 1.07±0.40 mm in the spherical group（P=0.004）. Axial elongation was significantly slower in the toric group（0.04±0.13 mm） than in the spherical group（0.09±0.13 mm）（P=0.001）. The oneyear axial elongation was significantly correlated with initial age（r=-0.487, P〈0.001） and periphery design of ortho-k lens（r=0.315, P〈0.001）. The incidence of corneal staining was lower in the toric group（8.1%） than in the spherical group（19.4%）（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： Toric periphery design ortho-k lenses may provide lower corneal astigmatism, better centration, slower axial elongation and lower incidence of corneal staining in myopic children with moderate-to-high corneal astigmatism.

摘要：AIM： To present the rationale, design, methodology, and the baseline data of the Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study（BDDES）, and to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy（DR） and possible risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM） in an urban community of Beijing, ***： Community-based prospective cohort study of persons diagnosed with T2DM aged 30 y or older. The main variables of interest are the presence and progression of DR as determined by the standardized ETDRS grading of seven fields fundus photographs. The presence and severity of DR were analyzed for possible correlations to non-genetic and genetic ***： A total of 1438 participants with data available for analysis, the prevalence of any DR was 35.4%. The prevalence of mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy（NPDR）, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 27.7%, 2.6%, 0.5% and 4.5%, respectively. By multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for the presence of any DR included male（P=0.031）, lower income level（P=0.011）, lower education background（P=0.022）, longer duration of diabetes（P=0.001）, younger age at diabetic onset（P=0.001）, higher systolic blood pressure（P=0.007）, higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1 c levels（P=0.001）, high albuminuria（P=0.03）, and use of insulin（P〈0.001）. For vision-threatening DR, four factors were significant： younger age at diabetic onset（P〈0.001）,higher systolic blood pressure（P=0.042）, high albuminuria（P〈0.001）, and use of insulin（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： The BDDES is the first large-scale ongoing cohort study of a Chinese urban population of persons with type 2 diabetes. Using standardized grading system comparable to large cohort studies from western populations, our baseline data shows that the prevalence of DR and major risk factors in this Chinese ethnic population are comparable to that found in the western population studies.

摘要：AIM: To explore the effect of SDF-1α on the development of experimental corneal neovascularization (CRNV).METHODS: CRNV was induced by alkali injury in mice. The expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 in burned corneas was examined by Flow Cytometry. Neutralizing anti-mouse SDF-1α antibody was locally administrated after alkali injury and the formation of CRNV 2 weeks after injury was assessed by Immunohistochemistry. The expression of VEGF and C-Kit in burned corneas was detected by ***: The number of CRNV peaks at 2 weeks after alkali injury. Compared to control group, SDF-1α neutralizing antibody treatment significantly decreased the number of CRNV. RT-PCR confirmed that SDF-1α neutralizing antibody treatment resulted in decreased intracorneal VEGF and C-Kit ***: SDF-1α neutralizing antibody treated mice exhibited impaired experimental CRNV through down regulated VEGF and C-Kit expression.

摘要：AIM:To introduce a new near-vision chart for children aged 3-5 years old and its clinical ***:Thenewnear-visionchartwhichcombined the Bailey-Lovie layout with a newly devised set of symmetry symbols was designed based on WeberFechner *** consists of 15 rows of symmetry symbols,corresponding to a visual acuity range from 1.3 to *** optotypes were red against a white background and were specially shaped four basic geometric symbols:circle,square,triangle,and cross,which matched the preschool children’s cognitive level.A regular geometric progression of the optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange in 15 *** progression rate of the optotype size between two lines was 1.2589 and two smaller groups of optotypes ranging from 0.7 to-0.1 logMAR were included for repetitive testing.A near visual acuity was recorded in logMAR or decimal,and the testing distance was 25 ***:This new near-vision chart with pediatric acuity test optotypes which consists of 4 different symbols(triangle,square,cross,and circle)met the national and international eye chart design *** performing the near visual acuity assessment in preschoolers(3-5y old).It overcame an inability to recognize the letters of the alphabet and difficulties in designating the direction of black abstract symbols such as the tumbling’E’or Landolt’C’,which the subjects were prone to lose interest *** vision may be recorded in different notations:decimal acuity and *** two notations can be easily convertedeach other in the new near-vision *** measurements of this new chart not only showed a significant correlation and a good consistency with the Chinese national standard logarithmic near-vision chart(r=0.932,P<0.01),but also indicated good test-retest reliability(89%of retest scores were within 0.1 logMAR units of the initial test score)and a high response ***:The results of this study support the validity and reliability of