摘要：基本医疗(初级保健)是一门独特的临床专业和研究学科,具有其自身的视角和方法。该领域的研究使用多种研究方法和研究设计来调查各种主题。基本医疗(初级保健)的多样性对其研究内容的报告提出了挑战,尽管已有大量报告指南问世,但没有一项指南专门针对基本医疗(初级保健)学科的需求而设。基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告内容的条目共识(CRISP)清单,旨在指导基本医疗(初级保健)研究的报告,包括提供基本医疗(初级保健)相关人群(从业者、患者和社区)所需的信息。CRISP清单完善了现有指南,有利于基本医疗(初级保健)研究结果的报告、传播和应用。先前的CRISP研究,探索了在该领域改善研究内容报告的可能性。工作组通过对国际化、跨学科和跨专业的基本医疗(初级保健)社区的调查,确定了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中需要包含的基本条目。工作组开展了一项包含两轮德尔菲的研究,对必要的条目达成了共识,并汇总成清单。CRISP清单包含24个条目,涵盖了基本医疗(初级保健)研究报告中的研究团队、患者、研究参与者、健康状况、临床接触、护理团队、干预、研究测量、照护环境,以及研究结果的实施等方面。并非全部条目都适用于每种研究设计或主题。CRISP指南为设计和报告以下三类研究提供了参考信息:(1)基本医疗(初级保健)研究人员开展的研究,(2)其他研究人员在基本医疗(初级保健)人群和环境中开展的研究,(3)旨在应用于基本医疗(初级保健)实践中的研究,从而改进对临床服务和研究过程背景的报告。这对于解释研究结果并将其应用于基本医疗(初级保健)的不同人群和环境至关重要。

摘要：Objectives: In the post-surgical setting,active involvement of family caregivers has the potential to improve patient outcomes by prevention of surgical complications that are sensitive to fundamental *** paper describes the development of a theoretically grounded program to enhance the active involvement of family caregivers in fundamental care for post-surgical ***: We used a quality improvement project following a multi-phase *** Phase 1,an iterative method was used to combine evidence from a narrative review and professionals' *** Phase 2,the logic model underlying the program was developed guided by four steps: (1) confirm situation,intervention aim,and target population;(2) documented expected outcomes,and outputs of the intervention;(3) identify and describe assumptions,external factors and inputs;and (4) confirm intervention ***: Phase 1 identified a minimum set of family involvement activities that were both supported by staff and the narrative *** Phase 2,the logic model was developed and includes (1) the inputs (***-and environmental support),(2) the ultimate outcomes (*** of postoperative complications),(3) the intermediate outcomes (*** changes),and (4) immediate outcomes (*** knowledge,skills and attitude).Conclusions: We demonstrated how we aimed to change our practice to an environment in which family caregivers were stimulated to be actively involved in postoperative care on surgical wards,and how we took different factors into *** description of this program may provide a solid basis for professionals to implement the family involvement program in their own setting.

摘要：Brain growth charts and age-normed brain templates are essential resources for researchers to eventually contribute to the care of individuals with atypical developmental *** present work generates age-normed brain templates for children and adolescents at one-year intervals and the corresponding growth charts to investigate the influences of age and ethnicity using a common pediatric neuroimaging *** accelerated longitudinal cohorts with the identical experimental design were implemented in the United States and *** magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of typically developing school-age children(TDC)was obtained up to three times at nominal intervals of1.25 *** protocol generated and compared population-and age-specific brain templates and growth charts,respectively.A total of 674 Chinese pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 457 Chinese TDC and 190 American pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 133 American ***-and age-specific brain templates were used to quantify warp cost,the differences between individual brains and brain *** growth charts for labeled brain network areas were *** analyses of cost functions supported the necessity of age-specific and ethnicitymatched brain templates,which was confirmed by growth chart *** analyses revealed volumetric growth differences between the two ethnicities primarily in lateral frontal and parietal areas,regions which are most variable across individuals in regard to their structure and ***-and ethnicity-specific brain templates facilitate establishing unbiased pediatric brain growth charts,indicating the necessity of the brain charts and brain templates generated in *** templates and growth charts as well as related codes have been made freely available to the public for open neuroscience(https://***/zuoxinian/CCS/tree/master/H3/Growth Charts).