摘要：Designing and constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency,high stability and low cost for overall water splitting to produce clean hydrogen fuel is attractive but highly *** we constructed puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as bifunctional electrodes for robust overall water *** iron was used as the modulator to manipulate the electron density of NiCoP nanoarray,which could increase the positive charges of metal(Ni and Co)and P *** resultant electronic structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was supposed to balance the adsorption and desorption of H and accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,the morphological structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was modulated through the kinetically controlled alkaline etching by using the amphoteric features of initial FeCoNi hydroxide *** resultant puffed structure has rich porosity,cavity and defects,which benefit the exposure of more active sites and the transport of mass/*** a result,the cell integrated with the puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as both the cathode and anode only requires the overpotentials of 25 and 230 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and OER at the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in alkaline media and a cell voltage of 1.48 V to drive the overall water ***,the puffed FexCoyNi1-x-yP demonstrates remarkable durability for continuous electrolysis even at a large current density of 240 mA cm^-2.

摘要：本文介绍了一种基于横向可移动栅极场效应晶体管(LMGFET)的新型微型力传感器的开发。提出了一种精确的电气模型,用于小型LMGFET器件的性能评估,与以前的模型相比,其精度有所提高。采用了一种新型三明治结构,该结构由一个金交叉解耦栅阵列层和两个软光阻层SU-8组成。通过所提出的双差分传感结构,LMGFET横向工作在垂直干扰下的输出电流被大大消除,所提出传感器的相对输出误差从4.53%(传统差分结构)降低到0.01%。提出了一种实用的传感器制造工艺,并对其进行了模拟。基于LMGFET的力传感器的灵敏度为4.65μA·nN^(-1),可与垂直可移动栅极场效应晶体管(VMGFET)器件相媲美,但非线性度提高了0.78%,测量范围扩大了±5.10μN。这些分析为LMGFET器件的电气和结构参数提供了全面的设计优化,并证明了所提出的传感器在生物医学显微操作应用中具有良好的力传感潜力。

摘要：The use of carbon‐based materials is an appealing strategy to solve the issue of excessive CO_(2) emis‐*** particular,metal‐free nitrogen‐doped carbon materials(mf‐NCs)have the advantages of convenient synthesis,cost‐effectiveness,and high conductivity and are ideal electrocatalysts for the CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).However,the unclear identification of the active N sites and the low intrinsic activity of mf‐NCs hinder the further development of high‐performance CO_(2)RR electrocat‐*** precise control over the synthesis of mf‐NC catalysts with well‐defined active N‐species sites is still *** this end,we adopted a facile synthesis method to construct a set of mf‐NCs as robust catalysts for CO_(2)*** resulting best‐performing catalyst obtained a Far‐adaic efficiency of CO of approximately 90%at−0.55 V(*** hydrogen electrode)and good *** electrocatalytic performance and in situ attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements collectively revealed that graphitic and pyridinic N can synergistically adsorb CO_(2) and H_(2)O and thus promote CO_(2) activation and protonation.

摘要：Zero thermal expansion(ZTE)alloys have unique aspects in the application of the engineering of precise dimensional ***,the harsh conditions to realize ZTE,i.e.,appropriate coupling among spin,lattice,and charge upon heating,have limited the ZTE alloys by very few numbers of *** this work,we report a route to achieving twodimensional(2D)ZTE behavior by regulating crystallographic texture and magneto-volume effects(MVEs)in volumetric positive thermal expansion *** is illustrated in a series of Mn_(x)Fe_(5-x)Si_(3)compounds by those earth-abundant *** a result,a 2D ZTE performance with a coefficient of thermal expansion α_(1)=0.45×10^(-7)K^(-1) over a broad temperature window of 10–310 K was observed in *** experimental results by synchrotron X-ray diffraction,neutron diffraction,microscopy,and magnetization measurements reveal that such a ZTE behavior is strongly coupled with fiber crystallographic texture and magnetic moment at the crystallographic 6g site that dominates MVEs in the a-b *** competition between ferromagnetic Fe_(4d)–Fe_(6g)(J_(FM))and antiferromagnetic Mn_(4d)–Mn_(6g)(J_(AFM))interactions makes the Mn_(1.5)Fe_(3.5)Si_(3) and Mn_(2)Fe_(3)Si_(3)compounds show mixed magnetism and negative thermal expansion(NTE).The integral approach presented here can be used to extend the scope of ZTE/NTE species in other magnetic or ferroelectric materials.

摘要：Rare-earth orthoferrite SmFeO3 is an outstanding single-phase multiferroic material,holding great potential in novel low-power electronic ***,simultaneous magnetic and ferroelectric orders as well as magnetoelectric(ME)coupling effect at room temperature(RT)in this system have not been demonstrated *** this study,epitaxial SmFeO3 films were successfully prepared onto tensile-strain Nb-SrTiO3(Nb-STO)substrates by a pulsed laser deposition(PLD)*** results show that the films exhibit obvious ferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders at ***,the magnetic anisotropy gradually changes from out-of-plane(OP)to in-plane(IP)direction with increasing film thickness,which is attributed to the variations of O 2p-Fe 3d hybridization intensity and Fe 3d-orbit occupancy caused by the strain-relaxed ***,electrically driven reversible magnetic switching further proves that the SmFeO3 films exhibit the RT ME coupling effect,suggesting promising applications in new-generation electric-write magnetic-read data storage devices.

摘要：Long-segment defects remain a major problem in clinical treatment of tubular tissue *** design of tubular scaffold with desired structure and functional properties suitable for tubular tissue regeneration remains a great challenge in regenerative ***,we present a reliable method to rapidly fabricate tissueengineered tubular scaffold with hierarchical structure via 4-axis printing *** fabrication process can be adapted to various biomaterials including hydrogels,thermoplastic materials and thermosetting *** polycaprolactone(PCL)as an example,we successfully fabricated the scaffolds with tunable tubular architecture,controllable mesh structure,radial elasticity,good flexibility,and luminal *** a preliminary demonstration of the applications of this technology,we prepared a hybrid tubular scaffold via the combination of the 4-axis printed elastic poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)bio-spring and electrospun gelatin *** scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes formed tubular mature cartilage-like tissue both via in vitro culture and subcutaneous implantation in the nude mouse,which showed great potential for tracheal cartilage reconstruction.

摘要：降雨诱发的群发性滑坡,往往导致多处路段交通中断和路网连通性受损,降低城市道路基础设施网络韧性.鉴于现阶段针对单体边坡的优化设计方法难以最大程度减轻其对路网的广泛影响并提升区域韧性,本文提出了一种基于路网连通可靠度的边坡韧性提升优化决策分析方法.首先,采用广义帕累托分布(generalized Pareto distribution,GPD)评估降雨灾害强度.接着,通过地质调查确定路网中脆弱边坡群位置,并基于边坡渗流-稳定性力学模型进行易损性评估.然后,考虑强降雨下边坡状态的空间相关性,并结合图论,通过蒙特卡罗方法计算路网连通可靠度.最后,基于边坡韧性提升后的路网连通可靠度对道路边坡进行重要度排序,在资源有限条件下,优先加固对路网连通可靠性影响大的脆弱边坡,以最大化区域路网连通性.将所提方法应用于浙江省丽水市易受降雨滑坡群影响的路网,验证了其有效性.结果表明:所提方法得到的最优边坡韧性提升策略显著提升了路网连通可靠度,为将基于可靠度的单体边坡设计转向关注区域功能性的边坡群韧性提升策略的研究范式奠定了基础.

摘要：As an important energy carrier in terms of carbon neutrality,green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis using renewable electricity has attracted worldwide *** polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer(PEWE)has the potential to be a mainstay in the green hydrogen market in the future because of its superior ***,the development of PEWE is constrained by the slow progress of the membrane electrode assembly(MEA),which is an essential component of PEWE and largely determines the cost and performance of the ***,the MEA must be optimized from the aspects of reducing cost and improving performance to promote the development of *** this review,we first discuss the recent progress of the materials and design strategies of MEA,including the cost,activity,and stability of catalysts,distribution and thickness of ionomers,and ion transport efficiency of ion exchange membranes(IEMs).Then,the effects of all components and interlayer interfaces on the ions,electrons,and mass transfer in MEA and,consequently,the performance of PEWE are ***,we propose perspectives on developing MEA by optimizing the catalyst activity and stability of IEM,interface contact between adjacent components,and evaluation methods of performance.

摘要：Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level,which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high activity and ***,core-shell structured Pd3M@Pt/C nanoparticles with binary PdM alloy cores(M=Fe,Ni,and Co)and a monolayer Pt shell were successfully synthesized with diverse *** these,Pd3Fe@Pt/C exhibited the best oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance,roughly 5.4 times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst used as *** significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the combined effects of strain engineering,interfacial electron transfer,and improved Pt *** functional theory simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that engineering the alloy core with moderate lattice mismatch and alloy composition(Pd3Fe)optimizes the surface oxygen adsorption energy,thereby rendering excellent electrocatalytic *** researches may use this study as a guide on the construction of highly effective core-shell electrocatalysts for various energy conversions and other applications.

摘要：Due to their unique surface chemistry,highly adjustable metal components,hydrophilicity,and high carrier concentrations,MXenes are applied in a variety of *** to other two-dimensional(2D)materials,building heterostructures with additional materials to form a 3D porous architecture for MXenes can significantly enhance their functionality and ***,the open structures and well-defined pathways of these 3D structured MXenes can improve ionic and electronic transport,thereby promoting their applications in electrochemical energy storage,sensing,catalysis,and *** this review,the recent efforts made on preparing 3D porous MXenes with heterostructures,focusing on MXenes/C,MXenes/inorganics,and MXenes/polymers were *** discussion covers aspects ranging from the design to synthesis of 3D porous MXenes,and their applications in photocatalysis,environmental monitoring and electrochemical energy *** review is concluded by presenting the prospects and insights on exploring the relationships between the porosity formation mechanisms,properties and applications of the 3D porous MXenes *** review can provide meaningful guidance for the design,fabrication and application of 3D porous MXenes in high-performance materials and devices.