摘要：叉指式背接触硅异质结(IBC-SHJ)太阳电池由于其优异的光学性能备受关注,但是较低的填充因子(FF)限制了其转换效率.本文中,我们用Silvaco TCAD软件模拟了IBC-SHJ太阳电池,发现p-n结和高低结收集载流子的能力有很大差异.高低结内建电场较弱,难以收集电子是FF较低的主要原因.因此,我们用氢化纳晶硅(nc-Si:H)薄膜来代替氢化非晶硅(a-Si:H)薄膜,并且在nc-Si:H薄膜表面覆盖一层超薄高掺杂层进一步提高了载流子传输效率,获得了高达85.3%的FF.此外,三层nc-Si:H薄膜还提高了工艺生产中对掺杂层厚度的容错性,这大大扩展了IBCSHJ太阳电池的工艺窗口.这项工作为解决IBC-SHJ太阳电池的电学问题提供了一条有效的途径,对工艺生产中IBC-SHJ太阳电池的设计具有指导意义.

摘要：As one of the most promising next-generation energy storage devices,the lithium-metal battery has been extensively ***,safety issues and undesired lithium dendrite growth hinder its *** application of solid-state electrolytes has attracted increasing attention as they can solve safety issues and show great potential to inhibit the growth of lithium *** oxide(PEO)-based electrolytes are very promising due to their enhanced safety and excellent ***,they suffer from low ionic conductivity at room temperature and cannot effectively inhibit lithium dendrites at high temperatures due to the intrinsic semicrystalline properties and poor mechanical *** this work,a novel coral-like Li_(6.25)Al_(0.25)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(C-LALZO)is synthesized to serve as an active ceramic filler in *** PEO with LALZO coral(PLC)exhibits increased ionic conductivity and mechanical strength,which leads to uniform deposition/stripping of lithium *** Li symmetric cells with PLC do not cause a short circuit after cycling for 1500 h at 60℃.The assembled LiFePO_(4)/PLC/Li batteries display excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 50℃.This work reveals that the electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte can be effectively improved by tuning the microstructure of the filler,such as the C-LALZO architecture.

摘要：Ceramic electrolytes are important in ceramic-liquid hybrid electrolytes(CLHEs),which can effectively solve the interfacial issues between the electrolyte and electrodes in solid-state batteries and provide a highly efficient Li-ion transfer for solid–liquid Li metal *** the ionic transport mechanisms in CLHEs and the corresponding role of ceramic electrolytes is crucial for a rational design ***,the Li-ion transfer in the ceramic electrolytes of CLHEs was confirmed by tracking the 6Li and 7Li substitution behavior through solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance *** ceramic and liquid electrolytes simultaneously participate in Li-ion transport to achieve highly efficient Li-ion transfer in CLHEs.A spontaneous Li-ion exchange was also observed between ceramic and liquid electrolytes,which serves as a bridge that connects the ceramic and liquid electrolytes,thereby greatly strengthening the continuity of Li-ion pathways in CLHEs and improving the kinetics of Li-ion *** importance of an abundant solid–liquid interface for CLHEs was further verified by the enhanced electrochemical performance in LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li batteries from the generated *** work provides a clear understanding of the Li-ion transport pathway in CLHEs that serves as a basis to build a universal Li-ion transport model of CLHEs.

摘要：Designing and constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts with high efficiency,high stability and low cost for overall water splitting to produce clean hydrogen fuel is attractive but highly *** we constructed puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as bifunctional electrodes for robust overall water *** iron was used as the modulator to manipulate the electron density of NiCoP nanoarray,which could increase the positive charges of metal(Ni and Co)and P *** resultant electronic structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was supposed to balance the adsorption and desorption of H and accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)***,the morphological structure of FexCoyNi1-x-yP was modulated through the kinetically controlled alkaline etching by using the amphoteric features of initial FeCoNi hydroxide *** resultant puffed structure has rich porosity,cavity and defects,which benefit the exposure of more active sites and the transport of mass/*** a result,the cell integrated with the puffed quaternary FexCoyNi1-x-yP nanoarrays as both the cathode and anode only requires the overpotentials of 25 and 230 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and OER at the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in alkaline media and a cell voltage of 1.48 V to drive the overall water ***,the puffed FexCoyNi1-x-yP demonstrates remarkable durability for continuous electrolysis even at a large current density of 240 mA cm^-2.

摘要：To optimize the electronic structure of photocatalyst,a facile one‐step approach is developed for the simultaneous realization of Zn‐doping and surface oxygen vacancies(SOVs)formation on SnO_(2).The Zn‐doped SnO_(2)with abundant SOVs exhibits efficient and stable performance for photocatalytic degradation of toluene under both low and high relative *** and theoretical calculations results show that the synergistic effects of Zn‐doping and SOVs on SnO_(2)can considerably boost the charge transfer and separation *** the in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations methods,it is revealed that the benzene ring of toluene is opened at benzoic acid on the SnO_(2)surface and selectively at benzaldehyde on the Zn‐doped SnO_(2)*** implies that Zn‐doped SnO_(2)photocatalysts shorten the pathway of toluene degradation,and toxic intermediates can be significantly *** work could provide a promising and sustainable route for safe and efficient removal of aromatic VOCs with photocatalytic technology.

摘要：Tailoring the microstructure of pristine TiO2 is essential to narrow its band gap and prolong the charge lifetime. In particular, strategies involving fluorine have been used successfully to tune the surface chemistry, electronic structure, and morphology of TiO2 photocatalysts to improve their photocatalytic activity based on the strong complexation between fluoride ions and TiO2 and the high electronegativity of fluorine. In this review, we summarize the strategies involving fluorine to establish highly efficient TiO2 photocatalytic systems or fabricate highly efficient TiO2 photocatalysts. The main fluorine effects(i.e. the effects of fluorine on photocatalysis) include the following four aspects:(1) Surface effects of fluoride on TiO2 photocatalysis,(2) effects of fluorine doping on TiO2 photocatalysis,(3) fluoride-mediated tailoring of the morphology of TiO2 photocatalysts, and(4) the effects of fluorine on non-TiO2 photocatalysis. Additionally, the unique applications of these fluorine effects in photocatalysis, including selective degradation of pollutants, selective oxidation of chemicals, water-splitting to produce H2, reduction of CO2 to produce solar fuels, and improvement of the thermostability of TiO2 photocatalysts, are reviewed.

摘要：The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge *** goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic *** do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched *** will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the *** design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals *** we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND.