摘要：Gripping devices help patients carry out everyday tasks and increase their ***,there seems to be a lack of bionic gripping technologies that can fully adapt to any possible shape,as the use of artificial fingers and predetermined grip settings limits the operating *** development of a more agile device,which is operated by a simple control paradigm,could greatly benefit *** electrorheological(ER)fluid system should be able to adapt to the shape of an object and then hold that *** aim of this study was to explore if a conceptual prototype of an ER system could hold a geometric shape when it is activated.A test rig was constructed with a moving part(set in different silicone oils)that could be displaced using a *** particles were dispersed in the silicone oils,and a field with a voltage of 4 kV mm?1 was generated to activate the *** results show that the developed system can support an increased force when activated and hold a simple geometric position without any noticeable *** outcome provides an initial proof of concept for a possible new(gravity-assisted)gripping approach using smart fluids,which could be developed with materials that are biocompatible and widely available.

摘要：用于生产高附加值燃料和化学品的电化学CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)为实现全球碳中和提供了一种有前景的方法.近年来,单原子催化剂(SACs)由于金属的最大原子利用率和独特的催化性能受到越来越多的关注.相比之下,除了具有单原子催化剂的上述优点外,双原子位点催化剂(DASCs)还可以通过调节另一种相邻金属从而实现更复杂、可调的原子结构.作为SAC的更深层次的延伸,DASCs可以为CO_(2)RR带来新的机遇,最近引起了人们的浓厚兴趣.本文中,我们重点介绍了DASCs在提升CO_(2)RR性能方面的最新进展.首先,根据双原子活性位点的几何结构和电子配置,对DASCs的分类、合成和证实进行了讨论.之后,根据结合型、异核和同核双原子位点对DASCs在CO_(2)RR中的催化应用进行了分类.特别是通过系统地分析反应途径和原子结构,详细总结了DASCs在CO_(2)RR中的构效关系.最后,提出了未来设计DASCs面临的机遇和挑战,以启发设计具有高结构精度和高CO_(2)RR活性、选择性的DASCs.

摘要：锑因其高容量、低电压等优点成为备受关注的钠离子电池负极材料,但钠化过程中巨大的体积膨胀使其难以实现稳定的循环.本文提出了一个氧化-包覆-还原的策略,将不适合直接用作负极的商业化锑粉加工成中空核壳型棒状锑碳复合材料.氧化锑受热升华还原的过程中,在碳层上形成了密集分布的锑单原子.利用原位环境电镜,将该材料构建成微观纳米电池,实现了钠化过程的实时观测.发现锑在钠化过程中发生不规则膨胀,碳层可随锑膨胀产生相应变形.碳层内部的原有空间以及碳层向外扩张的能力,均有利于维持碳层对锑在钠化膨胀过程中的包覆效果.在电池测试中,该材料在0.1 C下的可逆比容量超过620 mA h g^(−1),首圈的库伦效率高达84.9%(显著高于文献报道的水平),以及在1 V ***^(+)/Na的电位以下可完成95%的充电容量.该材料优异的电池性能说明中空核壳型结构设计可用于开发实用型锑基钠电负极材料.

摘要：Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown *** short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the *** possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D *** using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is *** recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with *** has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an ***,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the *** review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.

摘要：探索具有深紫外相位匹配能力的新型非线性光学材料是当前研究热点.本文从硼氧阴离子框架出发,发现由π共轭BO_(3)基团组成一维(BO_(2))∞链的电子离域导致了极化特性增强,可实现非线性光学性能的优化.据此,本文预测了以(BO_(2))∞链为阴离子框架的CaBO_(2)F体系.重点研究了三种能量最低的结构CaBO_(2)F-Ⅰ,CaBO_(2)F-Ⅱ和CaBO_(2)F-Ⅲ,设计了热力学上可进行的反应路径.第一原理计算表明,CaBO_(2)F-Ⅰ,CaBO_(2)-F-Ⅱ和CaBO_(2)F-Ⅲ具有较宽的带隙,合适的双折射(0.076–0.108@1064 nm)和较大的倍频系数(2.1–2.7×KDP).其中,计算得到CaBO_(2)F-Ⅰ的最短相位匹配波长在约为195 nm(基于HSE06带隙修正剪刀算符),证明了含有定向电子离域的(BO_(2))∞链是深紫外非线性光学材料的潜在阴离子框架.本文通过将机理研究与验证性的结构预测相结合实现了自上而下设计深紫外非线性光学结构模板,该研究为探索新型非线性光学材料提供了新的策略.

摘要：The AP1000 with high safety is a generation III pressurized water reactor(PWR),its significant feature is passive safety ***,its passive cooling can only maintain for 72 h and requires additional support from inside or outside the *** solve this problem,this study utilized the WGOTHIC software to calculate and analyze the water inventory in the passive containment cooling water tank under different *** results show that when the cooling water inventory is 6553.78 m3,the AP1000 nuclear power plants can achieve long-term,completely passive cooling without any inside or outside the *** same outcomes occur when 65-mm-thick containment wall increases the design pressure rating to 0.6 MPa at the cooling water inventory of 5673 ***,the AP1000 shield building was accordingly *** ANSYS analysis of the structural stability of the shield building with a 6000 m3 cooling water inventory confirmed that the new design can meet the requirements of the seismic design and the safe residual heat removal requirements of a large-scale PWR.

摘要：Urban development is becoming increasingly reliant on effective use of intelligent *** the process of providing better services to all citizens and improving the efficiency of administration processes,the concept of a smart city has been lauded as a promising solution for the coming challenge of global ***,due to the broad scope of smart cities their definition has not been standardized,thus proposed architectures are *** work proposes a new architecture from the perspective of the data that underpins all the functionality of smart *** proposed architecture is discussed,outlining design challenges and offering insight into the development of smart cities.

摘要：The effects of Ni content, soldering temperature and time on the IMC thickness in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.2Co alloys were researched using uniform design method and computer programs. For each alloy, the factors were divided into three levels in the experiment. Two correlative equations are given by regression. They indicate that the effects of three factors on the function are in the mutual and quadratic forms. And the analysis of variance shows the equations are sound and meaningful. Using the equations, it is easy to search, predict and control the IMC thickness. The existence of element Co accelerates the crystallization and growing up of IMC.

摘要：光生电荷的快速迁移和高效分离是实现高效太阳能分解水反应的必要条件.本文中,我们通过铁电单畴PbTiO_(3)晶体的不同极性晶面对阴阳离子的选择性吸附,在其正负极性面上分别选择性生长了TiO_(2)和CdS,构建出了“三明治”型CdS/PbTiO_(3)/TiO_(2)异质结构,且CdS和TiO_(2)均与PbTiO_(3)晶体具有高质量的界面接触.在该“三明治”型结构中通过单畴铁电场与界面电场的结合,CdS、PbTiO_(3)和TiO_(2)三种材料的能带实现了有序级联,为整个体系提供了促进光生电荷迁移和分离的强驱动力.用于可见光催化产氢反应中,CdS/PbTiO_(3)/TiO_(2)的活性较PbTiO_(3)/TiO_(2)提升了两个数量级,显示了“三明治”型结构的高电荷分离特性.本工作中所展示的利用铁电场实现不同半导体能带结构有序级联的策略,为光电荷迁移与分离路径的合理设计提供了一种新思路.

摘要：Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical ***,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits fast *** biomolecules have been widely utilized to overcome this issue;however,homogeneous porous Ti scaffolds could not simultaneously deliver multiple biomolecules that have different release *** this study,functionally graded porous Ti scaffolds(FGPTs)with dense inner and porous outer parts were fabricated using a two-body combination and densification *** with growth factor(BMP-2)and antibiotics(TCH)exhibited suitable mechanical properties as bone substituting material and presented good structural *** release of BMP-2 was considerably prolonged,whereas the release of TCH was comparable to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds(control group).The osteogenic differentiation obtained using FGPTs was maintained due to the prolonged release of *** antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds were verified using *** in terms of prior release *** addition,various candidates for graded porous Ti scaffolds with altered pore characteristics were presented.