摘要：The Rosoideae is a subfamily of the Rosaceae that contains a number of species of economic importance,including the soft fruit species strawberry(Fragaria 3ananassa),red(Rubus idaeus)and black(Rubus occidentalis)raspberries,blackberries(Rubus spp.)and one of the most economically important cut flower genera,the roses(Rosa spp.).Molecular genetics and genomics resources for the Rosoideae have developed rapidly over the past two decades,beginning with the development and application of a number of molecular marker types including restriction fragment length polymorphisms,amplified fragment length polymorphisms and microsatellites,and culminating in the recent publication of the genome sequence of the woodland strawberry,Fragaria vesca,and the development of high throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)-genotyping resources for Fragaria,Rosa and *** tools have been used to identify genes and other functional elements that control traits of economic importance,to study the evolution of plant genome structure within the subfamily,and are beginning to facilitate genomic-assisted breeding through the development and deployment of markers linked to traits such as aspects of fruit quality,disease resistance and the timing of *** this review,we report on the developments that have been made over the last 20 years in the field of molecular genetics and structural genomics within the Rosoideae,comment on how the knowledge gained will improve the efficiency of cultivar development and discuss how these advances will enhance our understanding of the biological processes determining agronomically important traits in all Rosoideae species.

摘要：Due to a novel mode action,low toxicity to mammals and low residue characteristics,phthalic acid diamides have aroused considerable interests in agricultural *** introduction of N-cyano,N-trifluoroacetyl,N-carbamoylsulfiliminyl and sulfoximinyl substituents into phthalamides,12 novel derivatives containing trifluoromethyl moiety were designed and *** title compounds were characterized by ^(1)H NMR and high-resolution mass *** preliminary results of biological activity assessment indicated that some title compounds exhibited moderate to good insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm(Pseudaletia separata Walker).In particular,Va gave higher activity against oriental armyworm and diamondback *** present work reported that the new trifluoromethylated diamides incorporating N-trifluoroacetylsulfoximinyl moieties are potential lead compounds for further structure optimization,providing some insight into the relating structure-activity relationship.

摘要：复杂的超导量子电路可以用来设计对噪声免疫的量子比特,但其复杂性可能会超出经典计算机所具备的模拟能力.在这种情况下,可以借助量子计算机来对其进行高效的模拟.在这项工作中,作者展示了在基于transmon比特的量子计算机上,利用变分量子算法模拟一种超导量子电路,并且基于此设计了一种新的量子比特“Plasmonium”,它工作在等离子体跃迁区域.文中展示的Plasmonium量子比特展示出了较高的两比特门保真度99.58(3)%.相比于transmon比特,它具有更小的物理尺寸和更大的非谐性.这些特征使得Plasmonium可以成为制造多比特量子处理器强有力的候选者.这项研究结果证实了利用量子计算机辅助设计更先进的量子处理器的可能性.

摘要：Bioactive scaffolds with interconnected porous structures are essential for guiding cell growth and new bone formation. In this work, we successfully fabricated three-dimensional （3D） porous β-tricalcium phosphate （β-TCP）/calcium silicate （CS） composite scaffolds with different ratios by 3D printing technique and further investigated the physiochemical properties, in vitro apatite mineralization properties and degradability of porous β-TCP/CS scaffolds. Moreover, a series of in vitro cell experiments including the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells were conducted to testify their biological performances. The results showed that 3D printed β-TCP/CS scaffolds possessed of controllable internal porous structures and external shape. Furthermore, the introduction of CS decreased the shrinkage of scaffolds and improved the in vitro apatite formation activity and degradation rate. Meanwhile, compared with pure β- TCP scaffold, the β-TCP/CS composite scaffolds were more conducive to promote cell adhesion, spread and osteogenesis differentiation. However, when the content of CS was increased to 45%, the ions dissolution rate of the composite scaffolds was so high that leaded to the increase in pH value, which inhibited the proliferation of cells. Our results suggested that the introduction of appropriate CS into β-TCP bioceramic is an effective strategy to prepare bioactive 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration.

摘要：3,4-Dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate （DHBP） and GTP are the precursors for riboflavin biosynthesis. In this research, improving the precursor supply for riboflavin production was attempted by overexpressing ribB and engineering purine pathway in a riboflavin-producing Escherichia colt strain. Initially, ribB gene was overexpressed to increase the flux from ribulose 5-phosphate （Ru-5-P） to DHBP. Then ndk and grnk genes were overexpressed to enhance GTP supply. Subsequently, a R419L mutation was introduced into purA to reduce the flux from IMP to AMP. Finally, co-overexpression of mutant purF and prs genes further increased riboflavin production. The final strain RF18S produced 387.6 mg riboflavin · L-1 with a yield of 44.8 mg riboflavin per gram glucose in shake-flask fermentations. The final titer and yield were 72.2% and 55.6% higher than those of RF01S, respectively. It was concluded that simultaneously engineering the DHBP synthase and GTP biosynthetic pathway by rational metabolic engineering can efficiently boost riboflavin production in E. coll.

摘要：Hierarchical Pt-alloys enriched with active sites are highly desirable for efficient catalysis,but their syntheses generally need time-consuming and elaborate annealing treatment at high *** herein report a surface active-site engineering strategy for constructing the hierarchical PtNi nanocatalysts with an atomic Pt-skin layer(PtNi@Pt-SL)towards efficient triiodide reduction reaction(TRR)via an acid-dealloying *** facile acid-dealloying process promotes the formation of surface Pt active sites on the hierarchical Pt-alloys,and thus results in good catalytic performance towards *** calculation reveals that the enhanced catalytic property stems from the moderate energy barriers for iodide atoms on the surface Pt *** surface active-site engineering strategy paves a new way for the design of active and durable electrocatalysts.

摘要：Three-dimensional(3D)printing has attracted increasing research interest as an emerging manufacturing technology for devel-oping sophisticated and exquisite architecture through hierarchical *** has also been employed in various advanced industrial *** development of intelligent biomedical engineering has raised the requirements for 3D printing,such as flexible manufacturing processes and technologies,biocompatible constituents,and alternative ***,state-of-the-art 3D printing mainly involves inorganics or polymers and generally focuses on traditional industrial fields,thus severely limiting applications demanding biocompatibility and *** this regard,peptide architectonics,which are self-assembled by programmed amino acid sequences that can be flexibly functionalized,have shown promising potential as bioinspired inks for 3D ***,the combination of 3D printing and peptide self-assembly poten-tially opens up an alternative avenue of 3D bioprinting for diverse advanced ***,a small but innovative nation,has significantly contributed to 3D bioprinting in terms of scientific studies,marketization,and peptide architectonics,including modulations and applications,and ranks as a leading area in the 3D bioprinting *** review summarizes the recent progress in 3D bioprinting in Israel,focusing on scientific studies on printable components,soft devices,and tissue *** paper further delves into the manufacture of industrial products,such as artificial meats and bioinspired supramolecular architectures,and the mechanisms,physicochemical properties,and applications of peptide ***,Israel contributes significantly to the field of 3D bioprinting and should thus be appropriately recognized.

摘要：目的在人工耳蜗植入的动物实验中,了解电极在小动物耳蜗内的位置以及电极物理构造的完整性。方法设计了一种适合对实验室小动物摄像的微焦 X 线影像系统,其关键技术包括一个小于10μm的微焦 X 线源的应用以及射线源-投照物间距离和投照物-影像间距离的恰当选择。应用该设备分别对已行人工耳蜗电极植入的猫、豚鼠和大鼠各5只进行了头颅微焦 X 线摄片观察。结果利用这种微焦摄像法,耳蜗影像的边缘部分对比度有明显提高;可以更好地确定电极组在耳蜗内的位置和深度;它能够发现25μm粗细的铂铱导线的结构完整与否。结论该方法是实验室小动物人工耳蜗植入研究的一种重要工具,对电诱发听性脑干反应不能引出的情况下的故障检查,也是一个有用的方法。

摘要：Bone is known to have a natural function to heal ***,if the bone damage is beyond a critical degree,intervention such as bone grafting may be *** this work,the fabrication of a novel bone scaffold composed of natural bone components and polycaprolactone(PCL)using 3D printing is put forward.α1,3-galactosyltransferase deficient pigs were used as the donor source of a *** porcine bone(DCB)with attenuated immunogenicity was used as the natural component of the scaffold with the aim to promote bone *** 3D printed DCB-PCL scaffolds combined essential advantages such as uniformity of the interconnected macropores and high porosity and enhanced compressive *** biological properties of the DCB-PCL scaffolds were evaluated by studying cell adhesion,viability,alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem *** in vitro results demonstrated that the DCB-PCL scaffolds exhibit an enhanced performance in promoting bone differentiation,which is correlated to the DCB ***,critical-sized cranial rat defects were used to assess the effect of DCB-PCL scaffolds on bone regeneration in *** results confirm that in comparison with PCL scaffolds,the DCB-PCL scaffolds can significantly improve new bone formation in cranial ***,the proposed 3D printed DCB-PCL scaffolds emerge as a promising regeneration alternative in the clinical treatment of large bone defects.

摘要：空气稳定有机自由基的发现引起了人们对探究其在分子电子学和自旋电子学中应用的兴趣.这些自由基具有独特的开壳层电子结构,因而表现出特殊的电学特性.由于其较弱的旋轨耦合特性,也使得其成为自旋电子学的重要研究对象.此外,自由基还可以通过二聚、分子识别和机械互锁等分子间相互作用来构筑超分子器件.本文综述了空气稳定有机自由基在电子学及自旋电子学中的应用,通过详述其卓越的电磁性能来拓展启发分子设计的多样性.本综述还概述了超分子自由基的制备方法和相关性质的研究进展,拓宽了单分子研究的范围.此外,自由基介导的单分子反应是一个新兴的研究方向,本文也对该领域的未来发展方向进行了展望.通过阐明空气稳定有机自由基的应用潜力,本文将有望对分子电子学和自旋电子学的研究产生一定的指导意义.