摘要：这篇文章总结进程单位的精力消费和在最近的年里构造或修理的 10 个 Mt/a 类精炼厂的全面精力消费。节省在这些精炼厂的设计采用的措施的精力被分析并且讨论。最后，这篇文章也做评价并且以后在精炼厂为能量守恒在目的上提出建议。

摘要：这篇文章在精制的海南为 8.0 Mt/arefining 工程总结块过程流动计划，加亮为处理酸的重油的一条绿线路并且化学同伴，有限公司，和与汉语一起的生产的扩大规模满足。精炼厂目标为进程流，集成和硫恢复系统的轻结束和优化的进程单位，干净汽油和柴油机生产，集中的恢复和利用的加强的设计对待的水疗院。

摘要：The performance of heat transfer is a key issue for reactor design in petrochemical industry. Since the heat transfer in reactors is a complicated process and depends on multiple parameters, the evaluation of the heat transfer performance is usually challenging, and few previous studies gave an overall view of heat exchange performance of different types of reactors. In this review, heat transfer coefficients of two types of petrochemical reactors, including the packed bed and the fluidized bed, were systematically analyzed and compared based on a number of reported correlations. The relationship between heat transfer coefficients and fluid flow velocity in different reactors has been well established, which clearly demonstrates the varying range of their heat transfer coefficients. Heat transfer coefficients of gas-phase packed bed can exceed 200 W/m^2·K, rather than the suggested values(17—89 W/m^2·K) mentioned in the literature. The fluidized bed shows better performance for both two-phase and three-phase beds as compared to the packed bed. Systems with liquid phase also show better heat transfer performance than other phases because of the larger heat capacity of liquid. Thus the industrial three-phase fluidized beds have the best heat transfer performance with an overall heat transfer coefficient of greater than 1 000 W/m^2·K. The heat transfer results provided by this review can afford not only new insights into the heat transfer in typical reactors, but also the basis and guidelines for reactor design and selection.