摘要：Materials such as cement and composite active admixture were mixed in definite ratio to consolidate sewer sludge, which had been dried and smashed. Two kinds of solidified bodies were designed. A represented the solidified body which had not used any composite active admixture, and B represented the one which used composite active admixture as one of its compositions. The results show that the compressive strength （28 d） of these solidified bodies can reach 30 MPa under the standard maintain condition which could be used as subgrade material. The concentration of heavy metals in solidified body was far less than identification standard for hazardous wastes of China. Heavy metals were stabilized and solidified effectively. The organic matter in these solidified bodies of 56 d was 80 percent less than that in raw sludge. A large quantity of bacteria could also be killed because of the basic condition in solidified body. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） test explained the reason that solidified body B showed better properties in all tests.

摘要：Transformation of lignin into high-value chemicals is hampered by the complexity of monomers obtained from lignin depolymerization. Here we report a strategy, composed of hy-dro-demethoxylation and de-alkylation reactions, that is able to chemically converge various lig-nin-derived phenolic monomers into phenol in a single-step. Using 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol as a model compound, Pt/C exhibited the best performance in hydro-demethoxylation reaction afford-ing 80% 4-propylphenol from 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, while H-ZSM-5 was identified as the most suitable catalyst for de-alkylation, achieving 83% yield of phenol from 4-propylphenol. Since the two catalysts operate under compatible conditions, combining the two catalysts to simultane-ously promote both hydro-demethoxylation and de-alkylation reactions was achieved. Configura-tion of how to organize the catalysts is a critical parameter, where the physical mixture of the two was most effective, providing over 60% phenol from 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol in a single-step.

摘要：Holographic polymer/liquid-crystal composites,which are periodically ordered materials with alternative polymer-rich and liquid-crystal-rich phases, have drawn increasing interest due to their unique capabilities of reconstructing colored three-dimensional(3 D) images and enabling the electro-optic response. They are formed via photopolymerization induced phase separation upon exposure to laser interference patterns, where a fast photopolymerization is required to facilitate the holographic patterning. Yet, the fast photopolymerization generally leads to depressed phase separation and it remains challenging to boost the holographic performance via kinetics ***, we disclose that the ketyl radical inhibition is able to significantly boost the phase separation and holographic performance by preventing the proliferated diffusion of initiating radicals from the constructive to the destructive regions. Dramatically depressed phase separation is caused when converting the inhibiting ketyl radical to a new initiating radical, indicating the significance of ketyl radical inhibition when designing high performance holographic polymer composites.

摘要：电催化硝酸根还原制氨是调节全球氮循环和合成氨的一种很有前景的方法.当前实现高效硝酸根还原制氨(NRA)的关键问题是开发具有高活性、选择性和稳定性的催化剂.本文通过把过渡金属(TM:3d=Sc-Zn,4d=Y-Cd,5d=La-Hg)锚定在二维材料Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-TM)上,筛选出新的NRA单原子催化剂.本工作采用密度泛函理论进行理论计算,发现Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)上的表面O官能团对TM具有较高的锚定能力,同时材料拥有良好的抗溶解稳定性.此外,锚定的TM与硝酸根之间强的p-d耦合作用使NO_(3)-易于活化.锚定TM在费米能级处有较高的不饱和d轨道,具有良好的稳定性和NO_(3)-活化能力.基于此,本文筛选出10种前线分子轨道在d5附近的Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-TMs(TM=Cr,Mn,Fe,Tc,Ru,W,Re,Os,Ir,Pt),并且最有利的反应路径是持续的脱氧加氢:NO_(3)-→*NO_(3)→*NO_(2)→)*NO→*N→*NH→*NH_(2)→*NH_(3)→NH_(3)(g).本工作认为Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-CrSA、Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-ReSA和Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-OsSA这3种具有低NRA过电位的Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)-TM是优异的NRA催化剂.这些发现为设计低能耗、低碳排放的先进氨合成路线提供了新策略.

摘要：The development of heterogeneous acid catalysts with higher activity than homogeneous acid catalysts is critical and still *** this study,acidic poly(ionic liquid)s with swelling ability(SAPILs)were designed and synthesized via the free radical copolymerization of ionic liquid monomers,sodium p-styrenesulfonate,and crosslinkers,followed by *** 31P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of adsorbed trimethylphosphine oxide indicated that the synthesized SAPILs presented moderate and single acid *** thermogravimetric analysis results in the temperature range of 300–345°C revealed that the synthesized SAPILs were more stable than the commercial resin Amberlite IR-120(H)(245°C).Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy testing demonstrated that SAPILs presented unique three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb structure in water,which was ascribed to the swelling-induced self-assembly of the ***,we used SAPILs with micron-sized honeycomb structure in water as catalysts for the hydrolysis of cyclohexyl acetate to cyclohexanol,and determined that their catalytic activity was much higher than that of homogeneous acid *** equilibrium concentrations of all reaction components inside and outside the synthesized SAPILs were quantitatively analyzed using a series of simulated reaction *** on the reaction mixture,the concentration of cyclohexyl acetate inside SAPIL-1 was 7.5–23.3 times higher than that outside of it,which suggested the high enrichment ability of SAPILs for cyclohexyl *** excellent catalytic performance of SAPILs was attributed to their 3D honeycomb structure in water and high enrichment ability for cyclohexyl acetate,which opened up new avenues for designing highly efficient heterogeneous acid catalysts that could eventually replace conventional homogeneous acid catalysts.

摘要：Flexible sensors that can respond to multiple mechanical excitation modes and have high sensitivity are of great significance in the fields of electronic skin and health *** multiple signal responses to skin such as strain and temperature remains an important ***,new multifunctional ion-crosslinked hydrogels with toughness and conductivity were designed and prepared in this work.A chemical gel with high mechanical strength was prepared by cross-linking acrylamide with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide and ammonium *** addition,in order to enhance the conductive properties of the hydrogel,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and Al^(3+)ions were added to the hydrogel during *** double-layer network makes this ionic hydrogel show excellent mechanical ***,the composite hydrogel containing Ca^(2+)can reach a maximum stretch of 1100%and exhibits ultra-high sensitivity(Sp=10.690 MPa^(-1)).The obtained hydrogels can successfully prepare wearable strain sensors,as well as track and monitor human *** present prepared multifunctional hydrogels are expected to be further expanded to intelligent health sensor materials.

摘要：Iron oxide supported Au nanomaterials are one of the most studied catalysts for low-temperature CO *** performance not only critically depends on the size of the supported Au nanoparticles(NPs)but also strongly on the chemical nature of the iron *** this study,Au NPs supported on iron oxide nanorods with different surface properties throughβ-FeOOH annealing,at varying temperatures,were synthesized,and applied in the CO *** characterizations of the interactions between Au NPs and iron oxides were obtained by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron *** results indicate that the surface hydroxyl group on the Au/FeOOH catalyst,before calcination(Au/FeOOH-fresh),could facilitate the oxygen adsorption and dissociation on positively charged Au,thereby contributing to the low-temperature CO oxidation *** calcination at 200℃,under air exposure,the chemical state of the supported Au NP on varied iron oxides partly changed from metal cation to Au0,along with the disappearance of the surface OH ***/FeOOH with the highest Au0 content exhibits the highest activity in CO oxidation,among the as-synthesized ***,good durability in CO oxidation was achieved over the Au/FeOOH catalyst for 12 h without observable *** addition,the advanced identical-location TEM method was applied to the gas phase reaction to probe the structure evolution of the Au/iron oxide series of the catalysts and support structure.A Au NP size-dependent Ostwald ripening process mediated by the transport of Au(CO)x mobile species under certain reaction conditions is proposed,which offers a new insight into the validity of the structure-performance relationship.

摘要：The efficient and stable abatement of CO pollutant under ambient conditions is of great significance;however,it remains a formidable ***,we report the versatile application of wet oxidation over Fe(OH)x supported subnanometer Pt group metal(PGM)catalysts for the complete removal of CO under ambient temperature and humidity ***,the 1.8 wt%Rh/Fe(OH)x catalyst exhibited better durability during a^1400 min run for wet oxidation than for dry CO *** characterization results including HR-TEM,H2-TPR,and in-situ DRIFTS suggested that Fe(OH)x,with good reducibility,promoted by the subnanometer Rh clusters,provided sites for the adsorption and reaction of O2 and H2 O to form OH ***,these OH species reacted with the adsorbed CO on Rh sites with a considerably lower activation energy(9 kJ mol^-1)than that of dissociated 0 species(22 kJ mol^-1),thus rationalizing the outstanding performance of Rh/Fe(OH)x for wet *** experiments with other PGMs revealed a good generality for the application of wet oxidation in the efficient abatement of CO under humid conditions with Fe(OH)x as the support.

摘要：A series of Co-imbedded zeolite-based catalysts were synthesized following a facile solvent-free grinding *** catalytic performance for direct syngas conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons was compared with their counterpart Co-impregnated zeolite-based *** transformation of solid raw materials to targeted zeolite was confirmed by XRD,SEM,STEM,and N2 physisorption *** in-depth study of acidic strength and acidic site distribution was conducted by NH3-TPD and Py-IR *** strength showed a pivotal role in defining product ***@S1,with the weakest acidic strength of silicalite-1 among three types of zeolites,evaded over-cracking of product and exhibited the highest gasoline and isoparaffin selectivity(≈70%and 30.7%,respectively).Moreover,the solvent-free raw material grinding route for zeolite synthesis accompanies several advantages like the elimination of production of wastewater,high product yield within confined crystallization space,and elimination of safety concerns regarding high pressure due to the absence of the *** and easiness of the solvent-free synthesis route together with promising catalytic performance strongly support its application on the industrial scale.

摘要：Three acceptor-donor-acceptor （A-D-A） small molecules DCAODTBDT, DRDTBDT and DTBDTBDT using dithieno[2,3-d：2＇,3＇-d＇]benzo[1,2-b：4,5-b＇]dithiophene as the central building block, octyl cyanoacetate, 3-octylrhodanine and thiobarbituric acid as the end groups were designed and synthesized as donor materials in solution-processed photovoltaic cells （OPVs）. The impacts of these different electron withdrawing end groups on the photophysical properties, energy levels, charge carrier mobility, morphologies of blend films, and their photovoltaic properties have been systematically investigated. OPVs device based on DRDTBDT gave the best power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 8.34%, which was significantly higher than that based on DCAODTBDT （4.83%） or DTBDTBDT （3.39%）. These results indicate that rather dedicated and balanced consideration of absorption, energy levels, morphology, mobility, etc. for the design of small-molecule-based OPVs （SM-OPVs） and systematic investigations are highly needed to achieve high performance for SM-OPVs.