摘要：chemically modified carbonaceous materials have attained utmost attention in the fields of renewable energy storage and conversion,due to the controllable physicochemical properties,tailorable micro-/nanostructures,and respectable ***,P-doped mesoporous carbons were synthesized by using F127 as the soft template,organophosphonic acid as the P source and phenolic resin as the carbon *** amounts of iron species were introduced to act as a graphitization *** synthesized carbons exhibit the well-defined wormhole-like pore structure featuring high specific surface area and homogenously doped P ***,introducing iron species during the synthesis process can optimize the textural properties and the degree of graphitization of carbon *** doping amount of P has an important effect on the porous structure and the defect degree,which correspondingly influence the active sites and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)*** resultant material presents superior catalytic activity for the ORR,together with remarkably enhanced durability and methanol tolerance in comparison with the commercial Platinum catalyst,demonstrating the possibility for its use in electrode materials and electronic nanodevices for metal-air batteries and fuel cells.

摘要：Developing efficient platinum(Pt)-based electrocatalysts is enormously significant for fuel ***,we report an integrated electrocatalyst of ultralow-Pt alloy encapsulated into nitrogen-doped nanocarbon architecture for efficient oxygen reduction *** hybrid Pt-based catalyst achieves a mass activity of 3.46 A mg^(-1)_(pt)the potential of 0.9 V *** with a negligible stability decay after 10,000 *** importantly,this half-cell activity can be expressed at full cell level with a high Pt utilization of 10.22 W mg^(-1)_(Pt cathode)and remarkable durability after 30,000 cycles in *** and theoretical investigations reveal that a highly strained Pt structure with an optimal Pt-0 binding energy is induced by the incorporation of Co/Ni into Pt lattice,which would account for the improved reaction *** synergistic catalysis due to nitrogen-doped nanocarbon architecture and active Pt component is responsible for the enhanced catalytic ***,the strong metal-support interaction and optimized hydrophilic properties of nanocarbon matrix facilitate efficient mass transport and water *** work may provide significant insights in designing the low-Pt integrated electrocatalysts for fuel cells and beyond.

摘要：Although carbon-supported platinum(Pt/C) is still considered the most active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), its applications in metal–air batteries as a cathode catalyst, or for oxygen generation via water splitting electrolysis as an anode catalyst is mainly constrained by the insufficient kinetic activity and stability in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Here, MOF-253-derived nitrogen-doped carbon(N/C)-confined Pt single nanocrystals(Pt@N/C) have been synthesized and shown to be efficient catalysts for the OER. Even with low Pt mass loading of 6.1 wt%(Pt@N/C-10), the catalyst exhibits greatly improved activity and long-time stability as an efficient OER catalyst. Such high catalytic performance is attributed to the core-shell structure relationship, in which the active N-doped-C shell not only provides a protective shield to avoid rapid Pt nanocrystal oxidation at high potentials and inhibits the Pt migration and agglomeration, but also improves the conductivity and charge transfer kinetics.

摘要：To fully exploit the superiority of tubular structures,in this study,we systematically explore the optimal preparation conditions for Ni/Co_(3)O_(4),including cation species and content,additive species and content,and anion *** results reveal that the formation of an initial cobalt nickel acetate hydroxide prism is the key factor and directly affects the final microtubular ***,P is subsequently doped into the Ni/Co_(3)O_(4)lattice to increase the M^(3+)/M^(2+)molar ratio(M=Co and Ni),promote reaction kinetics,and optimize electronic ***,the oxygen evolution reaction performance of P-doped tubular Ni/Co_(3)O_(4)is significantly higher than that of undoped Ni/Co_(3)O_(4)and the state-of-the-art RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.

摘要：DNA modified nanoparticles(Au NPs) are an established and widely used type of nucleotide sensor. We sought to improve the design by applying short rigid DNA duplexes near the surface of the Au NPs forming a so called double-anchored Au NP sensor, and compared it with other conventional DNA modified Au NPs. The improved design exhibited higher assembly efficiency, and consequently increased its sensitivity to target DNA.

摘要：Alloying Pt with transition metals can significantly improve the catalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,the application of Pt-transition metal alloys in fuel cells is largely limited by poor long-term durability because transition metals can easily *** this study,we developed a nonmetallic doping approach and prepared a P-doped Pt catalyst with excellent durability for the ***-supported core-shell nanoparticles with a P-doped Pt core and Pt shell(denoted as PtPx@Pt/C)were synthesized via heat-treatment phosphorization of commercial Pt/C,followed by acid *** analysis using electron energy loss spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly demonstrated that Pt was enriched in the near-surface region(approximately 1 nm)of the carbon-supported core-shell *** to P doping,the ORR specific activity and mass activity of the PtP_(1.4)@Pt/C catalyst were as high as 0.62 mA cm^(–2)and 0.31 mAμgPt–^(1),respectively,at 0.90 V,and they were enhanced by 2.8 and 2.1 times,respectively,in comparison with the Pt/C *** importantly,PtP_(1.4)@Pt/C exhibited superior stability with negligible mass activity loss(6%after 30000 potential cycles and 25%after 90000 potential cycles),while Pt/C lost 46%mass activity after 30000 potential *** high ORR activity and durability were mainly attributed to the core-shell nanostructure,the electronic structure effect,and the resistance of Pt nanoparticles against aggregation,which originated from the enhanced ability of the PtP_(1.4)@Pt to anchor to the carbon *** study provides a new approach for constructing nonmetal-doped Pt-based catalysts with excellent activity and durability for the ORR.

摘要：离子插层是提高Ti_(3)C_(2)TxMXene电化学性能的有效方法之一.然而,不同的插层离子对MXene的结构和电化学性能的影响是否相同这一问题尚不清楚.本文系统研究了Li+、Na+、K+、Cs+、Zn2+、Mg2+、SO_(4)2-和OH-等一系列离子插层后的MXene的结构特征和电化学性能.研究结果表明,插层离子的半径、电荷数和化学特性对插层效果都会产生影响.在所研究的插层剂中,由离子半径最大的一价阳离子Cs+和具有强碱性的阴离子OH-组成的插层剂CsOH对MXene具有较好的插层效果.插层后的MXene层间距增大,层间容纳了大量游离水,Ti的价态升高,片层表面有利于氧化还原反应的含O官能团增多,这都大大促进了电解液离子H+的扩散与存储.由此制备的电极的质量比电容大幅度提高,为原始MXene电极的7倍多,而且经过20,000次充放电循环后电容保持率未发生下降.本文为具有高电容性能的MXene和MXene基复合电极的合理设计和制备提供了指导.

摘要：硫化锑铜(CuSbS_(2))是一种p型半导体,带隙为1.5 eV,同时拥有较大的光吸收系数(>105cm-1),因此在光电催化领域拥有广阔的应用前景.但是目前国内外的研究还缺乏对CuSbS_(2)电子结构以及其如何影响PEC性能的深入理解.为了进一步改善CuSbS_(2)的PEC性能,对其电子结构进行一系列表征分析是非常重要的.本文中,我们利用同步辐射技术揭示了CuSbS_(2)的电子结构.结果表明,CuSbS_(2)的价带(VB)由S 3p和Cu 3d的强杂交态组成,同时Sb 5p/5s也有部分影响.基于以上理论指导,我们设计了一种高质量Cu Sb S_(2)薄膜的制备技术,并使用FTO/CuSbS_(2)/CdS/Pt光电阴极在0.0 V下实现了CuSbS_(2)基材料的高光电流密度(6.3 mA cm^(-2)).

摘要：Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)could combine the virtues of high power capability of conventional supercapacitors and high energy density of lithium-ion ***,the lack of high-performance electrode materials and the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative electrodes are the major *** this study,Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-rich carbon(Fe3O4@NC)were prepared through a self-assembly of the colloidal Fe OOH with polyaniline(PANI)followed by *** to the well-designed nanostructure,conductive nitrogen-rich carbon shells,abundant micropores and high specific surface area,Fe3O4@NC-700 delivers a high capacity,high rate capability and long cycling *** analyses of the redox reactions reveal the pseudocapacitive mechanism and the feasibility as negative material in LIC devices.A novel LIC was constructed with Fe3O4@NC-700 as the negative electrode and expanded graphene(EGN)as the positive *** wellmatched two electrodes effectively alleviate the kinetic imbalance between the positive and negative *** a result,Fe3O4@NC-700//EGN LIC exhibits a wide operating voltage window,and thus achieves an ultrahigh energy density of 137.5 W h kg^-*** results provide fundamental insights into the design of pseudocapacitive electrode and show future research directions towards the next generation energy storage devices.

摘要：The response surface method (RSM) was applied to study the liquid phase alkylation of benzene with 1-decene catalyzed by means of silica supported Preyssler heteropoly acid. A three step experimental design was developed based on the central composite design (CCD). Catalyst loading, catalyst mass percent, and benzene to 1-decene molar ratio were used to optimize 1-decene conversion and linear alkylbenzene (LAB) yield. The results indicated that the quadratic model was significant for these two responses. The experimental results revealed that all variables had positive effect on 1-decene conversion. While increasing the catalyst loading tends to decrease LAB yield. Benzene to 1-decene molar ratio was found to be the most important factor that influenced LAB yield with a positive effect. Design expert software suggested several optimized solutions, among them the best choice was to use 31% catalyst loading, benzene to 1-decene molar ratio of 13, and catalyst percent of 3.6 wt% for obtaining 100% conversion and 88% LAB production yield.