摘要：Converting sunlight directly to fuels and chemicals is a great latent capacity for storing renewable *** to the advantages of large surface area,short diffusion paths for electrons,and more exposed active sites,few‐layer carbon nitride(FLCN)materials present great potential for production of solar fuels and chemicals and set off a new wave of research in the last few ***,the recent progress in synthesis and regulation of FLCN‐based photocatalysts,and their applications in the conversion of sunlight into fuels and chemicals,is *** importantly,the regulation strategies from chemical modification to microstructure control toward the production of solar fuels and chemicals has been deeply analyzed,aiming to inspire critical thinking about the effective approaches for photocatalyst modification rather than developing new *** the end,the key scientific challenges and some future trend of FLCN‐based materials as advanced photocatalysts are also discussed.

摘要：Cobalt oxides, such as C0304 and CoO, have received increasing attention as potential anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） owing to their high theoretical capacity. Nanostructure engineering has been demonstrated as an effective approach to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for LIBs. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the rational design and fabrication of various cobalt oxide-based nanomaterials and their lithium storage performance, including 1D nanowires/belts, 2D nanosheets, 3D hollow/hierarchical structures, hybrid nanostructures with carbon （amorphous carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene） and mixed metal oxides. By focusing on the effects of their structure on their electrochemical performance, effective strategies for the fabrication of cobalt oxide/carbon hybrid nanostructures are highlighted. This review shows that by rational design, such cobalt-oxide-based nanornaterials are very promising as next generation LIB anodes.

摘要：Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have lately emerged as a blooming class of potential materials for photocatalytic water splitting because of their high crystallinity,huge surface areas,and structural ***,the photocatalytic performance for most pure COFs face some limitations factors,such as the significant recombination of photogenerated carriers and slow charge ***,a novel thioether-functionalized pyrene-based COF(S_(4)-COF)was effectively produced and chosen as a support for the immobilization of ultrafine gold nanoparticles(Au NPs).S_(4)-COF photocatalyst with Au as cocatalyst demonstrates remarkable photocatalytic activity with a H_(2) generation rate of 1377μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) under visible light(>420 nm),which is ca.4.5-fold increase comparing to that of pure S_(4)-COF(302μmol g^(−1) h^(−1)).Au NPs anchored on S_(4)-COF possess an ultrafine size distribution ranging from 1.75 to 6.25 nm with an average size centered at 3.8 nm,which benefits from the coordination interaction between thioether groups and ***,the produced Au@S_(4)-COF can generate a stable photocatalytic H_(2) generation during the four recycles and preserve its crystallinity structure after the stability *** Au NPs anchored on the S_(4)-COF photocatalyst can greatly accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers and increase charge transfer because of the combined function of Au NPs and thioether *** a method can not only prevent the aggregation of Au NPs onto thioether-containing COFs to achieve long-term photostability but also allow uniform dispersion for an ordered structure of *** work provides a rational strategy for designing and preparing COF-based photocatalysts for solar-driven H_(2) production.

摘要：Partial genetically encoded 4-hy-droxybenzylidene-imidazolinone(HBI)-type chromophores are new promising fluorescent probes,which are suitable for imaging and detection of living ***-ever,the lack of infrared chro-mophores hinders the develop-ment *** more than 30 HBI-type chromophores with reg-ular structure modifications were employed and typical spectral redshift change laws and mechanisms were investigated by quantum *** show that both one-photon spectrum(OPS,absorption/emission)and two-photon absorption(TPA)can achieve large redshift via either extending conjugated lengths of frag-3 or enlarging conjugated areas of frag-1 of HBI *** redshifts of all chromophores are highly related to intramolecular charge transfer(ICT),but neutral ones are closely related to the total ICT or electron-accept-ing-numbers of frag-3,and the high correlative factor of anions is the aromaticity of frag-2 *** frag-2 bridge with high aromaticity can open a reverse charge transfer channel in anion relative to neutral,obtaining significant *** on analysis,a new 6-hydroxyl-naphthalene-imidazolinone(HNI)series,which have larger conjugated area in frag-1,are *** OPS and TPA of anionic HNI ones acquire about 76−96 nm and 119−146 nm red-shift relative to traditional HBI series respectively as a *** longest emission of anionic HNI-4 realizes more 244 nm redshift relative to *** work clarifies worthy spectral reg-ularities and redshift mechanisms of HBI-type chromophores and provides valuable design strategy for infrared chromophores synthesis in experiment.

摘要：Ionic covalent organic framework(COF)materials with high specific surface areas and well-defined pore structures are desired for many applications yet seldom ***,we report a cationic pyridinium salt-based COF(PS-COF-1)with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area of 2703 m^(2) g^(-1),state-ofthe-art for an ionic *** by its ordered pore structure,chemical stability,and radiation resistance,PS-COF-1 showed exceptional adsorption properties toward aqueous ReO_(4)^(-)(1262 mg g^(-1))and ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-).Its adsorption performance surpassed its corresponding amorphous ***,PS-COF-1 exhibited fast adsorption kinetics,high adsorption capacities,and selectivity for ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)and ReO_(4)^(-)at high ionic strengths,leading to the successful removal of ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)under conditions relevant to low-activity waste streams at US legacy Hanford nuclear *** addition,PS-COF-1 can rapidly decontaminate ReO_(4)^(-)/^(99)TcO_(4)^(-)polluted potable water(~10 ppb)to drinking water level(0 ppb,part per billion)within 10 *** functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed PS-COF-1 has a strong affinity for ReO_(4)^(-)and ^(99)TcO_(4)^(-),thereby favoring adsorption of these low charge density anions over other common anions(e.g.,Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),CO_(3)^(2-)).Our work demonstrates a novel cationic COF sorbent for selective radionuclide capture and legacy nuclear waste management.

摘要：A rational integration of multiple reactive centers into a combined unit to facilitate their cooperative effects is a smart approach for accelerating the catalytic ***,to achieve this goal,linear imidazolium-based ionic polymers were confined into the nanopores of mesoporous silica nanospheres anchored with homogeneously distributed zinc *** to the flexible character and the reinforced cooperative effects of the ionic liquid(nucleophile)and zinc species(Lewis acid)in the confined mesoporous structure,the resultant composite exhibited dramatically improved catalytic performance in the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to form cyclic *** was in contrast to that observed for the individual catalytic ***,such a solid catalyst could be easily recovered and reused four times without a significant loss of activity.

摘要：The poor oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of two-dimensional(2 D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)is a major obstacle to their application in highperformance water splitting and fuel cells due to the high energy barriers for the absorption of ***,we demonstrate that the lattice oxygen of M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)MXenes can be activated by 0 D graphene quantum dots(GQDs),thereby activating the OER via the lattice-oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)instead of the conventional adsorbate evolving *** pH-dependent OER activity of M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)@GQDs and ^(18)O isotope-labelling experiments with time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS)provide the direct evidence of ***,the activated lattice oxygen amount can be controlled by the *** as-prepared 0 D/2 D Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2)@GQDs heterostructure delivers a highly reduced overpotential of 390 mV(bare Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2):530 mV)at a benchmark current density of 10 mA cm^(-2).Through optimizing the thickness and the additional conductive substrate,the overpotential at 10 mA cm^(-2)decreases to 250 mV,while the Tafel slope is reduced to 39 mV dec^(-1);these values indicate the as-prepared heterostructure is superior to the state-of-the-art MXene-based OER *** work provides a new strategy to enhance the OER activity of M_(n)X_(n-1)O_(2)and extends the application of LOM from perovskite to MXenes.

摘要：The risk and thermal safety characteristics of GX kerosene,HX kerosene and WX kerosene are ***,the explosion lower limits of three kinds of kerosene steams are tested by using the self-made explosion limit measuring *** differential scanning calorimeter(DSC)is employed to perform linear heating experiment on kerosene to analyze its thermal decomposition *** pyrolysis kinetic parameters of three kinds of kerosene are calculated based on the thermal dynamic *** experimental results show that the flash point and lower explosion limit of GX kerosene are relatively *** DSC test shows that the lowest initial decomposition temperature of HX kerosene is 116.5℃.According to pyrolysis kinetics calculation,the T_(D24) and apparent activation energy of HX kerosene are the *** test shows that GX kerosene has the worst thermal stability under the adiabatic *** high temperature stabilities of the three kinds of kerosene all meet the *** the whole,GX kerosene has the highest hazard,and HX kerosene has the lowest thermal *** accumulation of heat should be prevented during the storage and transportation of *** study provides the crucial safety characteristics data of coal-based aerospace kerosene-based,and provides technical support for engine reliability growth and performance improvement.

摘要：等离激元共振产生的高能热载流子可以降低反应能垒,加速特定的电化学反应.然而,绝大多数研究聚焦于热电子的高效利用,对于热空穴,特别是带间激发的热空穴在光增强电氧化反应(PEEO)中的作用尚缺乏研究.本文以金纳米三角结构作为电催化剂,解析了带间和带内跃迁激发的热空穴对电催化乙醇氧化反应的贡献.研究发现,尽管带内跃迁的消光截面是带间跃迁的5倍,但由于d带热空穴具有更高的氧化电势,带间激发对电催化乙醇氧化反应过程具有更高的催化活性,展示出更高的电流密度和更低的起峰电势.根据光照前后电化学反应活化能和起峰电位,进一步建立了估算PEEO中热空穴贡献的方法.定量分析结果表明,带间激发热空穴的相对光电化学转换效率比带内激发高12倍,证明d带热空穴在PEEO中具有更高的反应活性.本工作不仅揭示了PEEO中热空穴的详细作用机制,且对于高效设计等离激元共振电催化剂有重要意义.

摘要：The widespread utilization of fossil fuels has caused an associated increase in CO_(2) emissions over the past few decades,which has resulted in global warming and ocean *** hydrogenation(Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis,FTS)is considered a significant route for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals from nonpetroleum sources to meet worldwide *** of CO_(2) with renewable H_(2) into valuable hydrocarbons is beneficial for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating the negative effects of high CO_(2) concentrations in the ***‐based catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance in both FTS and CO_(2) hydrogenation to value‐added *** abundance and low cost of iron‐based catalysts also promote their wide application in CO_(x) *** paper provides a comprehensive overview of the significant developments in the application of iron‐based catalysts in these two *** active phases,promoter effect,and support of iron‐based catalysts are discussed in the present *** on understanding of these three essential aspects,we also cover recent advances in the design and preparation of novel iron‐based catalysts for FTS and CO_(2) *** challenges and future catalytic applications are also outlined.