摘要：Future climate change is usually projected by coupled earth system models under specific emission scenarios designed by integrated assessment models(IAMs),and this offline approach means there is no interaction between the coupled earth system models and the *** paper introduces a new method to design possible future emission scenarios and corresponding climate change, in which a simple economic and climate damage component is added to the coupled earth system model of Beijing Normal University(BNU-ESM). With the growth of population and technological expertise and the declining emission-to-output ratio described in the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy model, the projected carbon emission is 13.7 Gt C, resulting in a 2.4 °C warming by the end of the twenty-first century(2080–2099) compared with1980–1999. This paper also suggests the importance of the land and ocean carbon cycle in determining the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. It is hoped that in the near future the next generation of coupled earth system models that include both the natural system and the social dimension will be developed.

摘要：全球降水对人们生产生活和经济发展都至关重要。因此,评估模式对降水的模拟能力至关重要。近期大气物理研究所发布了两套CMIP6试验数据,结合GPCC降水资料,本文评估了两组试验对1900-2014年全球陆地降水以及各半球夏季降水模拟性能。结果表明,无论是年际尺度还是长期趋势的模拟,GMMIP试验均表现出更好的模拟性能。考虑到两组试验设计的角度和海温对年际降水的重要影响,本文探讨了全球海温异常尤其是ENSO事件对全球降水和各半球夏季降水的重要性。结果表明,赤道太平洋地区海温对降水模拟影响显著,其影响主要集中在中低纬地区。这对降水模拟的改进有很大帮助。

摘要：Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.

摘要：本文介绍了CAS FGOALS-f3-L参加CMIP6 DECK耦合试验数据。主要包括piControl,abrupt-4×CO2和1pctC02的试验设计,模式设置以及初步结果评估。piControl提供了561年的模拟结果,abrupt-4×CO2和1pctCO2分别提供了三组集合成员,每个成员包括160年的积分。初步评估结果表明,piControl试验中,耦合模式可以保证长期稳定积分。在气候态降水模拟上,piControl试验可以合理的再现全球海表温度和降水的基本分布型,相比上一代耦合模式,在ITCZ地区的降水有所改进。另一方面耦合模式的气候敏感度约为3.0℃,相比上一代的耦合模式更为合理。

摘要：高分辨率模式比较计划(HighResMIP)是CMIP6中新增的模式间比较计划,旨在关注水平分辨率对气候模拟的影响。本文介绍了中国科学院大气物理研究所全球25km FGOALS-f3-H和100km FGOALS-f3-L模式的基本信息,以及参与HighResMIP的试验设计,强迫数据,数据后处理方法等信息。水平分辨率25km的FGOALS-f3-H模式和100km FGOALS-f3-L模式由标准外强迫场驱动,且分别在1950-2014和2015-50时段进行两组协同试验,试验编号分别为'highresSST-present'及'highresSST-future'。模拟和预估数据集包含多种输出频率:1小时平均,3小时平均,6小时瞬时,日平均和月平均等。评估结果表明:水平分辨率的提高能够显著改进模式在热带气旋、日变化和极端降水的模拟性能。相较于全球100km低分辨率的FGOALS-f3-L,全球25km的FGOALS-f3-H能够更好的刻画热带气旋的生命周期和全球降水的日变化主要特征,特别是能够准确再现亚洲夏季风的降水日变化峰值时间。该数据集的发布将大大促进水平分辨率对气候模拟和预估影响的相关研究。

摘要：本文使用六个不同的最新大气模式进行了协调数值集合实验,评估和量化了全球海表面温度(SST)对1982-2014年冬季早期北极变暖的影响.本研究设计了两组实验:在第一组(EXP1)中,将OISSTv2逐日变化的海冰密集度和SST数据作为下边界强迫场;在第二组(EXP2)中,将逐日变化的SST数据替换为逐日气候态.结果表明:(1)EXP1的多模式集合总体平均值显示0.4℃/10年的近地表(约850 hPa)升温趋势,为再分析数据结果中升温趋势的80%.(2)在这六个模式中,模拟的变暖趋势均很强,幅度为0.36-0.50℃/10年.(3)全球海表温度可以解释北极对流层中低层EXP1的大部分模拟的变暖趋势,占再分析数据结果的58%.(4)再分析数据结果中,北极上空的对流层上层变暖(约200 hPa)不是由强迫信号而可能是由自然气候变率引起的.本文还探索了影响北极初冬变暖的可能源区,并讨论了该研究的局限性.

摘要：The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,Robert Cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry Jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,June Medford,Jerry Melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala Jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,John Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.