摘要：Tattooing the skin as a means of personal expression is a ritualized practice that has been around for centuries across many different ***,the symbolic meaning of tattoos has evolved over time and is highly individualized,from both the internal perspective of the wearer and the external perspective of an *** modern Western societies through the 1970 s,tattoos represented a cultural taboo,typically associated with those outside of the mainstream such as soldiers,incarcerated criminals,gang members,and others belonging to marginalized and counter-cultural *** paper aims to review the more recent epidemiology of tattoos in Western culture in order to establish that tattooing has become a mainstream *** then review psychological and psychiatric aspects of tattoos,with a goal of revising outmoded stigmas about tattooing and helping clinicians working with tattooed patients to facilitate an exploration of the personal meaning of skin art and *** suggest that as a kind of augmentation of the physical exam,looking at and talking to patients about their tattoos can provide a valuable window into the psyche,informing clinical practice.

摘要：Background: Smokeless tobacco is widely used by athletes to enhance performance. Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and acts on cardiocirculatory and metabolic systems, involving tissue blood flow and circulatory vasoreactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the oral smokeless tobacco(Swedish snus(SS)) on the perception of fatigue and time to exhaustion(TTE) during moderate-intensity aerobic ***: Fourteen healthy non-tobacco male users were recruited for a double-blind, controlled crossover design(SS vs. snus placebo(SP)).Subjects were tested for 3 sessions: experimental session 1(Exp1) consisted of an incremental test to determine the maximal aerobic power output(Wmax), whereas Exp2 and Exp3 consisted of exercising at 65%Wmaxuntil exhaustion in SS or SP conditions. During Exp2 and Exp3, muscle and cerebral oxygenation was assessed by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, and the rating of perceived exertion(RPE) was ***: Comparing SS with SP tests, significant differences(p < 0.05) were found in the values of cerebral(～3%) and muscular tissues oxygenation(～4%) in the first 30 min of exercise. The RPE values were not significantly different between the 2 conditions(SS vs. SP). No significant difference was found in TTE(SS: 54.25 § 21.84 min; SP: 50.01 § 17.03 min).Conclusion: This study showed that muscular and cerebral oxygenation increased significantly with snus administration during an endurance exercise until exhaustion, but this did not affect fatigue perception and TTE. The results showed that snus could not be considered an ergogenic substance in non-tobacco users.

摘要：The coronary artery calcification score and pericardial fat volume have recently been reported to be strongly associated with the severity and presence of coronary atherosclerosis. However, no studies have explored the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in asymptomatic people in China. The population-based cohort study in outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis in China (PERSUADE), an observational, longitudinal and prospective cohort study in a target population of healthy subjects based in Jidong Oilfield (China), prospectively analyzes the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis by non-contrast computed tomography in healthy population. The results of this study are expected to be of value for utilizing noninvasive imaging combine with traditional cardiovascular risk factors to create a risk stratification and find pertinent biomarkers associated with the outcome of phased progression of atherosclerosis in healthy people, thereby could help to establish a more personalized treatment of clinical practice.

摘要：Background： Despite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in China, there is limited information about patients＇ experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-tern1 adverse events and patient-reported outcomes （PROs）. Methods： The China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events （PEACE）-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AM I patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to docunlent their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients＇ medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1 - and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics. Conclusion： The China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient＇s experiences and outcomes alter AMI in China and seiwe as a foundation for quality improveinent activities.

摘要：背景:慢性疼痛的治疗效果仍不理想。尽管现在治疗慢性疼痛的药物种类较多,但许多患者对疗效仍不满意或诉药物的副作用太大。越来越多的证据表明,免疫系统参与了伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛的病理过程。设计:在英国利物浦的专题会议上,专家们出示了免疫系统参与慢性疼痛的证据。近来的研究表明,静脉(IVIg)或皮下(SCIg)注射免疫调节药物——多价免疫球蛋白(Ig G)可缓解外周神经病理性疼痛和其他疼痛性疾病。专题会议讨论了IVIg和SCIg治疗的适应证、效价比及其副作用。结果:Ig G可缓解某些伤害性和神经病理性慢性疼痛,如糖尿病、干燥综合征、纤维肌痛症、复杂性区域疼痛综合征、小儿麻痹后遗症和继发于病理性自身抗体的疼痛。结论:Ig G对某些慢性疼痛具有一定的治疗前景。Ig G是一种相对安全的治疗方法,副作用少而轻,但价格较贵。今后有必要对Ig G治疗顽固性疼痛进行随机对照研究和预测性临床试验。

摘要：Bone is known to have a natural function to heal ***,if the bone damage is beyond a critical degree,intervention such as bone grafting may be *** this work,the fabrication of a novel bone scaffold composed of natural bone components and polycaprolactone(PCL)using 3D printing is put forward.α1,3-galactosyltransferase deficient pigs were used as the donor source of a *** porcine bone(DCB)with attenuated immunogenicity was used as the natural component of the scaffold with the aim to promote bone *** 3D printed DCB-PCL scaffolds combined essential advantages such as uniformity of the interconnected macropores and high porosity and enhanced compressive *** biological properties of the DCB-PCL scaffolds were evaluated by studying cell adhesion,viability,alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem *** in vitro results demonstrated that the DCB-PCL scaffolds exhibit an enhanced performance in promoting bone differentiation,which is correlated to the DCB ***,critical-sized cranial rat defects were used to assess the effect of DCB-PCL scaffolds on bone regeneration in *** results confirm that in comparison with PCL scaffolds,the DCB-PCL scaffolds can significantly improve new bone formation in cranial ***,the proposed 3D printed DCB-PCL scaffolds emerge as a promising regeneration alternative in the clinical treatment of large bone defects.

摘要：单细胞层面的蛋白质组学研究极具挑战.本文报道了一种简单、快速的单细胞蛋白质组学方法(Mad-CASP),创新地设计了一套质谱兼容的合成肽段:(1)样品制备过程中,合成肽段的包被可以有效地减少样品损失;(2)质谱数据采集时,合成肽段的信号被摒除,对样品信号无影响;(3)全流程无需特殊设备,可在3~4小时内完成96孔样品的高通量制备.结合图谱库和新的质谱数据采集模式,Mad-CASP技术可从单个HeLa细胞中鉴定出124093个蛋白质.随后利用Mad-CASP技术分析了来自健康人和冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)患者的240个外周血CD34^(+)单细胞.基于单细胞蛋白图谱,本研究首次揭示外周血CD34^(+)细胞的功能亚型,证实其在CTO进展中的“双刃剑”作用,提示靶向乙醛脱氢酶2在CTO治疗中的潜在作用.综上,本研究利用Mad-CASP技术首次解析了循环CD34^(+)细胞的单细胞蛋白质图谱,提示Mad-CASP技术在稀缺临床样本的单细胞蛋白质组学检测方面极具潜力.

摘要：β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(GUS)在肿瘤的发生、转移和进展中具有关键作用,因而成为一种很有应用前景的癌症生物标志物.在本研究中,我们设计出一种酶激活的近红外荧光探针(DCM-βGlcA),可在体内和体外快速、准确地检测GUS的活性.该探针是由葡萄糖醛酸残基与荧光基团吡喃腈(DCM)衍生物构成.在GUS作用下,该探针在680 nm处具有明显的近红外荧光增强,而且它的斯托克位移达到了150 nm.此外,该探针对于GUS有很高的灵敏度,检测限低至0.19 U L^(-1).我们利用该探针分析了人血清样本中的GUS含量,其结果与ELISA检测结果一致.该探针还可用于示踪活细胞中的GUS,而且能够对荷瘤小鼠体内和肝癌组织中的GUS进行检测成像.因此,该探针可作为检测GUS的理想工具.

摘要：目前全世界耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)的负担正在日益加重,严重阻碍全球结核病控制工作的进度。MDR-TB的治疗是一项复杂的、长期的、昂贵的工作,并且需要合适的临床和实验室基础设施。大多数MDR-TB患者仍然不能得到正确的诊断服务或有质量保证的二线药,从而导致高发病率和高病死率。使用降低毒性的药物进行更加有效的MDR-TB治疗能够安全给予联合感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的患者,这是一项亟待研究的重点,能够节省整个卫生系统的费用。在这种情况下,了解如何以最佳方式设计和开展能够改进MDR-TB治疗的随机对照试验是一项新的紧迫任务,可以确定现存药物和新药物的最佳组合,从而应用于有效和安全的治疗方案中,特别是疗程短的方案,那样对患者来说更容易接受并且能够安全地与抗病毒治疗联合。在本文中,出于上述目标,我们着重强调设计和实施Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期试验的方法学问题。我们建议合理选择合适的设计和结果测量工具,与新诊断技术联合使用,能够解决很多方法学和逻辑问题。这些改进是治疗MDR-TB患者,也许最终是药物敏感性结核病患者历史性改进的关键。由于合并感染HIV,在耐药患者中开展临床试验比治疗药物敏感性结核病的试验能通过一种更快更廉价的通道获得批准。

摘要：肿瘤细胞增殖与骨吸收之间的恶性循环加剧了骨肿瘤的进展和转移风险.为此,我们设计并制备了聚乙二醇-阿仑膦酸钠修饰的聚多巴胺(PPA)纳米粒子,并在其表面负载自噬抑制剂氯喹(CQ),期望利用该治疗载体(PPA/CQ)打破肿瘤细胞增殖与骨吸收之间的恶性循环,从而有效地治疗骨肿瘤.实验证明,PPA/CQ可以有效地富集到骨组织,尤其是肿瘤周围的溶骨性病变组织.PPA/CQ释放的CQ,一方面通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子受体相关受体-3的降解,抑制破骨细胞的生成,进而减轻骨肿瘤中的骨溶蚀病变;另一方面,CQ可以抑制肿瘤细胞的自噬,从而提高光热治疗对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效力.动物实验证明,PPA/CQ介导的联合治疗能有效抑制肿瘤的生长和骨溶蚀的发生.该项研究表明,自噬抑制联合光热疗法可能成为一种治疗恶性骨肿瘤的有效策略.