摘要：The metallurgical properties of the CaO–SiO_(2)–Al_(2)O_(3)–4.6wt%Mg O–Fe_(2)O_(3)slag system,formed by the co-treatment process of spent automotive catalyst(SAC)and copper-bearing electroplating sludge(CBES),were studied systematically in this *** slag structure,melting temperature,and viscous characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,Fact Sage calculation,and viscosity *** results show that the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3)content(3.8wt%–16.6wt%),the mass ratio of CaO/SiO_(2)(m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)),0.5–1.3),and the mass ratio of SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)(m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3)),1.0–5.0)can promote the depolymerization of silicate network,and the presence of a large amount of Fe_(2)O_(3)in form of tetrahedral and octahedral units ensures the charge compensation of Al^(3+)ions and makes Al_(2)O_(3)only behave as an acid *** calculation and viscosity measurements show that with the increase of Fe_(2)O_(3)content,m(Ca O)/m(SiO_(2)),and m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3)),the depolymerization of silicate network structure and low-melting-point phase transformation first occur within the slag,leading to the decrease in melting point and viscosity of the slag,while further increase causes the formation of high-melting-point phase and a resultant re-increase in viscosity and melting *** on experimental analysis,the preferred slag composition with low polymerization degree,viscosity,and melting point is as follows:Fe_(2)O_(3)content of 10.2wt%–13.4wt%,m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))of 0.7–0.9 and m(SiO_(2))/m(Al_(2)O_(3))of 3.0–*** work provides a theoretical support for slag design in co-smelting process of SAC and CBES.

摘要：地震波照明分析技术以地震波传播理论为基础,面向特定地质目标进行观测系统设计来得到最佳照明的地震数据,进而得到最佳的成像效果.本文定义了最佳照明数据体、最佳照明的概念,指出对特定速度场而言,最佳观测系统是客观存在的,最佳观测系统设计的目的就是找到逼近该客观存在的最好的观测系统.本文基于胜利油田典型地质模型研究了波动方程地震波照明,分析照明阴影区的形成原因,结合对模型数据实验的效果分析,对单程波和双程波照明的特点和应用范围进行了探讨,指出单程波照明具有计算优势,双程波照明能够更好地保持波传播特点的优势.

摘要：在深部开挖工程中,深部岩石往往经历“三轴高应力+开挖卸荷+动力扰动”的全应力过程。为了研究围压卸荷对深部预应力岩石的动态破坏特征的影响,采用改进的分离式霍普金森压杆对红砂岩进行了一系列三轴卸荷动态压缩试验,还进行了单轴预应力冲击压缩试验(不考虑围压卸荷效应)。结果表明,红砂岩的动态抗压强度表现出明显的应变率效应。在应变率近似相等的情况下,三轴卸荷动态压缩试验中岩石的动态强度小于单轴预应力冲击压缩试验中岩石的动态强度。围压卸荷造成明显的强度弱化效应,并采用动态强度弱化因子(DSWF)量化强度弱化程度。在同一个应力路径下,岩石的应变率和入射能呈对数关系;而在入射能相同时,卸荷会导致预应力岩石有着更高的应变率。分析了试样的破坏模式,发现卸荷对试样破坏模式的影响并不显著。此外,讨论了围压卸荷对剪切强度参数(内聚力和摩擦角)的影响。在入射能相同时,发生卸荷后的预应力岩石更容易发生破坏。因此,在深部岩石工程开挖设计中应考虑卸荷对岩石力学特性的影响。

摘要：有机电极具有结构可设计性强、容量大、可容纳大离子等优点.然而,在钠离子电池中,有机电极材料的容量仍然很低,且其在有机电解质中的高溶解度导致其寿命较短.如何通过化合物设计来提高其性能一直是研究人员关注的问题.本研究通过简单方法将氨基酸接枝到有机化合物上,提高了其容量和循环稳定性.首先,氨基酸之间的氢键使其形成更稳定的层状结构;氨基酸基团在有机电极材料和羧甲基纤维素粘合剂之间形成分子间相互作用,降低界面阻力,显著提高循环稳定性,使得钠离子电池循环次数超过2000次.其次,实验和计算结果表明,氨基酸基团提供了Na^(+)转运途径和额外的可逆存储位点,从而提高了比容量(~300 mA h g^(-1)).本策略可以启发未来钠离子电池的有机分子设计.

摘要：流体出溶是控制钨成矿的重要机制,研究钨在熔体-流体间的分配行为具有重要科学意义.针对这一问题,前人开展了大量高温高压实验和地质样品分析.然而,已有的钨在熔体间-流体间的分配系数差异巨大,甚至高达4个数量级,严重影响了对成矿过程的定量刻画.究其原因,主要是实验设计存在问题和典型地质样品可获得性差所致.本文应用热液金刚石压腔模拟流体出溶的高温(700~800℃、高压(0.35~1.08 GPa)环境,收集了花岗质熔体和共存流体的原位拉曼光谱,揭示了岩浆-热液过渡阶段钨的主要赋存方式,建立了应用拉曼光谱测定钨的不同赋存方式在流体-熔体间分配系数的方法,并获取了上述温度、压力条件下钨在流体和熔体间的分配系数(8.6~37.1).基于本文获取的分配系数和瑞利分馏模型,计算了流体出溶过程中钨在流体中的瞬时浓度和累积浓度,结果得到了地质实例的良好印证.

摘要：新兴的量子点(QD)发光场效应晶体管(QLEFET)能够以较低成本产生高颜色纯度的发光,并且其光电特性易于调节.研究人员在设计器件结构和理解深层物理机制等方面已作了大量尝试,但由于界面处的电荷/激子损耗和QD层与相邻载流子传输层之间存在着较大的能量势垒,目前QLEFET的整体性能仍然偏低.鉴于此,本文采用一个介电层-QD-介电层的(DQD)的三明治夹层结构设计买现了外量子效率(EQE)超过20%的QLEFET.该DQD结构可以通过调节能带排列进一步调控器件中载流子行为,从而使激子复合区移动进入QD发光层.此外,通过抑制表面陷阱和界面电荷转移诱导的荧光碎灭引起的激子损耗,有效提高了激子的辐射复合.本研究提出的DQD夹层结构设计是一种改善QLEFET电致发光胜能的全新概念,也可以将其应用到其他材料体系中,促进QD在新型光电器件中的开发应用.

摘要：Forward modeling is the basis of inversion imaging and quantitative interpretation for DC resistivity ***,a numerical model of the DC resistivity method must be finely divided to obtain a highly accurate solution under complex conditions,resulting in a long calculation time and large ***,we propose a 3D numerical simulation method in a mixed space-wavenumber domain to overcome this *** partial differential equation about abnormal potential is transformed into many independent ordinary differential equations with different wavenumbers using a 2D Fourier transform along the x axis and y axis *** this way,a large-scale 3D numerical simulation problem is decomposed into several 1D numerical simulation problems,which significantly reduces the computational and storage *** addition,these ordinary 1D differential equations with different wavenumbers are independent of each other and high parallelelism of the *** are solved using a finite-element algorithm combined with a chasing method,and the obtained solution is modified using a contraction *** this method,the vertical direction is reserved as the spatial domain,then grid size can be determined flexibly based on the underground current density distribution,which considers the solution accuracy and calculation *** addition,for the first time,we use the contraction operator in the integral equation method to iterate the *** algorithm takes advantage of the high efficiency of the standard Fourier transform and chasing method,as well as the fast convergence of the contraction *** verified the accuracy of the algorithm and the convergence of the contraction *** with a volume integral method and goal-oriented adaptive finite-element method,the proposed algorithm has lower memory requirements and high computational efficiency,making it suitable for calculating a model with large-scale ***,differ

摘要：水系可充电锌/二氧化锰电池因其成本低廉、能量密度高而引起了广泛关注.然而,缓慢的反应动力学和MnO_(2)阴极的歧化反应以及不可逆的相变现象对其发展造成了严重阻碍.在此,我们选用了Mo掺杂α-MnO_(2)(Mo–MnO_(2))作为阴极材料,通过铵根离子插层机制所形成的N–H···O强键合作用来稳定Mo–MnO_(2)的2×2隧道结构,并且有效抑制了Mn^(3+)溶解,在质子插入/脱出过程中不会引起晶格的畸变,进一步提高了其循环稳定性.获得的Mo–MnO_(2)正极在100 mA g^(−1)时表现出265.2 mA h g^(−1)的高比容量和364.3 W h kg^(−1)的能量密度.在2.0 A g^(−1)下1000次循环后,容量保持率达95.2%.这项工作有助于深入了解非金属阳离子在电极主体材料间的键合作用,为设计具有高能量密度和长期循环能力的水系锌离子电池提供了新思路.

摘要：Future climate change is usually projected by coupled earth system models under specific emission scenarios designed by integrated assessment models(IAMs),and this offline approach means there is no interaction between the coupled earth system models and the *** paper introduces a new method to design possible future emission scenarios and corresponding climate change, in which a simple economic and climate damage component is added to the coupled earth system model of Beijing Normal University(BNU-ESM). With the growth of population and technological expertise and the declining emission-to-output ratio described in the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy model, the projected carbon emission is 13.7 Gt C, resulting in a 2.4 °C warming by the end of the twenty-first century(2080–2099) compared with1980–1999. This paper also suggests the importance of the land and ocean carbon cycle in determining the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. It is hoped that in the near future the next generation of coupled earth system models that include both the natural system and the social dimension will be developed.

摘要：灵巧的策略为 Fe 的制造被设计 3 O 4 -nanoparticle-decorated TiO 2 nanofiber 由联合 electrospinning 技术的通用性的层次 heterostructures ( FTH )并且热水的生长方法。Fe 的层次建筑学 3 O 在 TiO 上装饰的 4 nanoparticles 2 nanofibers 启用进电池合成的二进制代码的成功的集成到地址结构的稳定性和低能力。在结果 FTH 的唯一的建筑学， 1D heterostructures 减轻 Fe 的严重的卷变化引起的紧张 3 O 4 在众多的费用分泌物周期期间，并且这样压制电极材料的降级。作为结果， FTH 包括更高可逆的能力显示出优秀性能，优秀周期生活，并且在由于 TiO 的二进制作文的 synergistic 效果的一个宽温度范围上的好率性能 2 和 Fe 3 O 4 和唯一的特征层次 nanofibers 。