摘要：The A_(2)B_(2)O_(7)-type rare earth zirconate compounds have been considered as promising candidates for thermal barrier coating(TBC) materials because of their low sintering rate,improved phase stability,and reduced thermal conductivity in contrast with the currently used yttria-partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in high operating temperature *** review summarizes the recent progress on rare earth zirconates for TBCs that insulate high-temperature gas from hot-section components in gas *** on the first principles,molecular dynamics,and new data-driven calculation approaches,doping and high-entropy strategies have now been adopted in advanced TBC materials *** this paper,the solid-state heat transfer mechanism of TBCs is explained from two aspects,including heat conduction over the full operating temperature range and thermal radiation at medium and high *** paper also provides new insights into design considerations of adaptive TBC materials,and the challenges and potential breakthroughs are further highlighted for extreme environmental *** for improving thermophysical performance are proposed in two approaches:defect engineering and material compositing.

摘要：Given the carbon peak and carbon neutrality era,there is an urgent need to develop high-strength steel with remarkable hydrogen embrittlement *** is crucial in enhancing toughness and ensuring the utilization of hydrogen in emerging iron and steel ***,the pursuit of enhanced metallic materials presents a cross-disciplinary scientific and engineering *** high-strength,toughened steel with both enhanced strength and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)resistance holds significant theoretical and practical *** ensures secure hydrogen utilization and further carbon neutrality objectives within the iron and steel *** on the design principles of high-strength steel HE resistance,this review provides a comprehensive overview of research on designing surface HE resistance and employing nanosized precipitates as intragranular hydrogen *** also proposes feasible recommendations and prospects for designing high-strength steel with enhanced HE resistance.

摘要：Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries of the knee are one of the most common and serious athletic *** widely used cortical suspension fixation buttons for ligament reconstruction are permanent implants,particularly those made from conventional steel or titanium *** this study,a biodegradable Zn-0.45Mn-0.2Mg(ZMM42)alloy with the yield strength of 300.4 MPa and tensile strength of 329.8 MPa was prepared through hot *** use of zinc alloys in the preparation of cortical suspension fixation buttons was proposed for the first *** 35 d of immersion in simulated body fluids,the ZMM42 alloy fixation buttons were degraded at a rate of 44μm/a,and the fixation strength was retained(379.55 N)in the traction ***,the ZMM42 alloy fixation buttons exhibited an increase in MC3T3-E1 cell viability and high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus *** results reveal the potential of biodegradable zinc alloys for use as ligament reconstruction materials and for developing diverse zinc alloy cortical suspension fixation devices.

摘要：Nonreciprocity of thermal metamaterials has significant application prospects in isolation protection,unidirectional transmission,and energy ***,due to the inherent isotropic diffusion law of heat flow,it is extremely difficult to achieve nonreciprocity of heat *** review presents the recent developments in thermal nonreciprocity and explores the fundamental theories,which underpin the design of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials,i.e.,the Onsager reciprocity ***,three methods for achieving nonreciprocal metamaterials in the thermal field are elucidated,namely,nonlinearity,spatiotemporal modulation,and angular momentum bias,and the applications of nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are *** also discuss nonreciprocal thermal ***,the potential applications of nonreciprocity to other Laplacian physical fields are ***,the prospects for advancing nonreciprocal thermal metamaterials are highlighted,including developments in device design and manufacturing techniques and machine learning-assisted material design.

摘要：Al Si10Mg porous protective structure often produces different damage forms under compressive loading,and these damage modes affect its protective *** order to well meet the service requirements,there is an urgent need to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior and response mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under compressive *** this paper,Al Si10Mg porous structures with three kinds of volume fractions are designed and optimized to meet the requirements of high-impact,strong-energy absorption,and lightweight *** mechanical behaviors of AlSi10Mg porous structures,including the stress-strain relationship,structural bearing state,deformation and damage modes,and energy absorption characteristics,were obtained through experimental studies at different loading *** damage pattern of the damage section indicates that AlSi10Mg porous structures have both ductile and brittle mechanical *** simulation studies show that the AlSi10Mg porous structure undergoes shear damage due to relative misalignment along the diagonal cross-section,and the damage location is almost at 45°to the load direction,which is the most direct cause of its structural damage,revealing the damage mechanism of AlSi10Mg porous structures under the compressive *** normalized energy absorption model constructed in the paper well interprets the energy absorption state of Al Si10Mg porous structures and gives the sensitive location of the structures,and the results of this paper provide important references for peers in structural design and optimization.

摘要：Metalenses with achromatic performance offer a new opportunity for high-quality imaging with an ultracompact configuration;however,they suffer from complex fabrication processes and low focusing *** this study,we propose an efficient design method for achromatic microlenses on a wavelength scale using materials with low dispersion,an adequately designed convex surface,and a thickness profile *** taking into account the absolute chromatic aberration,relative focal length shift(FLS),and numerical aperture(NA),microlens with a certain focal length can be realized through our realized map of geometric ***,the designed achromatic microlenses with low-dispersion fused silica were fabricated using a focused ion beam,and precise surface profiles were *** fabricated microlenses exhibited a high average focusing efficiency of 65%at visible wavelengths of 410-680 nm and excellent achromatic capability via white light ***,the design exhibited the advantages of being polarization-insensitive and *** results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed achromatic microlens design approach,which expands the prospects of miniaturized optics such as virtual and augmented reality,ultracompact microscopes,and biological endoscopy.

摘要：Due to the long-term plate tectonic movements in southwestern China,the in-situ stress field in deep formations is *** passing through deep soft-rock mass under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field,tunnels will suffer serious asymmetric *** is no available support design method for tunnels under such a situation in existing studies to clarify the support time and support *** study first analyzed the mechanical behavior of tunnels in non-hydrostatic in-situ stress field and derived the theoretical equations of the ground squeezing curve(GSC)and ground loosening curve(GLC).Then,based on the convergence confinement theory,the support design method of deep soft-rock tunnels under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field was established considering both squeezing and loosening *** addition,this method can provide the clear support time and support stiffness of the second layer of initial *** proposed design method was applied to the Wanhe tunnel of the China-Laos railway in *** data indicated that the optimal support scheme had a good effect on controlling the tunnel deformation in non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress *** applications showed that the secondary lining could be constructed properly.

摘要：Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)show great potential for applications in grid-scale energy storage,given their intrinsic safety,cost effectiveness,environmental friendliness,and impressive electrochemical ***,strong electrostatic interactions exist between zinc ions and host materials,and they hinder the development of advanced cathode materials for efficient,rapid,and stable Zn-ion *** and their derivatives possess a large interlayer spacing,excellent hydrophilicity,outstanding electronic conductivity,and high redox *** materials are considered“rising star”cathode candidates for *** comprehensive review discusses recent advances in MXenes as AZIB cathodes from the perspectives of crystal structure,Zn-storage mechanism,surface modification,interlayer engineering,and conductive network design to elucidate the correlations among their composition,structure,and electrochemical *** work also outlines the remaining challenges faced by MXenes for aqueous Zn-ion storage,such as the urgent need for improved toxic preparation methods,exploration of potential novel MXene cathodes,and suppression of layered MXene restacking upon cycling,and introduces the prospects of MXene-based cathode materials for high-performance AZIBs.

摘要：Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term *** study developed a wearablemultilead ECG sensing system with on-skin stretchable and conductive silver(Ag)-coated fiber/silicone(AgCF-S)dry *** and normal adhesion to pigskin(0.43 and 0.20 N/cm2,respectively)was optimized by the active control of fiber density and mixing ratio,resulting in close contact in the electrode–skin *** breathableAgCF-S dry electrodewas nonallergenic after continuous fit for 24 h and can be reused/cleaned(>100 times)without loss of *** AgCF encapsulated inside silicone elastomers was overlapped to construct a dynamic network under repeated stretching(10%strain)and bending(90°)deformations,enabling small intrinsic impedance(0.3,0.1 Hz)and contact impedance variation(0.7 k)in high-frequency vibration(70 Hz).All hard/soft modules of the multilead ECG system were integrated into lightweight clothing and equipped with wireless transmission for signal *** synchronous acquisition of I–III,aVR,aVL,aVF,and V4 lead data,the multilead ECG sensing system was suitable for various scenarios,such as exercise,rest,and sleep,with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios.

摘要：Lithography is a pivotal micro/nanomanufacturing technique,facilitating performance enhancements in an extensive array of devices,encompassing sensors,transistors,and photovoltaic *** key to creating highly precise,multiscale-distributed patterned structures is the precise control of the lithography ***,high-quality patterned ZnO nanostructures are constructed by systematically tuning the exposure and development times during *** optimizing these parameters,ZnO nanorod arrays with line/hole arrangements are successfully *** ZnO nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure,enlarged surface area,and improved light capture ability,which achieve highly efficient energy conversion in perovskite solar *** lithography process management for these patterned ZnO nanostructures provides important guidance for the design and construction of complex nanostructures and devices with excellent performance.