摘要：As the Chinese Lunar New Year-Spring Festival 2025 begins,we take an opportunity to look back at the journal Bio-Design and Manufacturing(BDM for short).The journal BDM,first published in 2018,is related not only to human life and health but also to the frontier disciplines of global scientific and technological *** we highlight a few points of interest from the past year in order to encourage more readers to pay attention to this exciting field.

摘要：This research introduces a holistic framework called Design for Availablhty that uses me principles of Lean Sigma and Design for X to cost-effectively optimize the availability of capital goods （i.e., technical systems used in the production of end-products or -services such as medical systems, airplanes, and manufacturing equipment） throughout their entire lifetime. Manufacturers require such a framework because users of capital goods increasingly insist on high system availability levels against reduced lifetime costs. The Design for Availability framework allows manufacturers to determine the current status of system availability and associated lifetime costs, and to identify opportunities to create additional value for themselves and their customers. A case study at a global manufacturer of capital goods in the food processing industry illustrates how the framework can be used in practice and to what extent the manufacturer and customers may profit from applying Design for Availability.

摘要：Prolog is one of the most important candidates to build expert systems and AI-related programs and has potential applications in embedded systems. However, Prolog is not suitable to develop many kinds of components, such as data acquisition and task scheduling, which are also crucial. To make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages, it is attractive to integrate Prolog with programs developed by other languages. In this paper, an IPC-based method is used to integrate backward chaining inference implemented by Prolog into applications or embedded systems. A Prolog design pattern is derived from the method for reuse, whose principle and definition are provided in detail. Additionally, the design pattern is applied to a target system, which is free software, to verify its feasibility. The detailed implementation of the application is given to clarify the design pattern. The design pattern can be further applied to wide range applications and embedded systems and the method described in this paper can also be adopted for other logic programming languages.

摘要：This paper studies the consensus problem of multi-agent systems in which all agents are modeled by a general linear system. The authors consider the case where only the relative output feedback between the neighboring agents can be measured. To solve the consensus problem, the authors first construct a static relative output feedback control under some mild constraints on the system model. Then the authors use an observer based approach to design a dynamic relative output feedback control. If the adjacent graph of the system is undirected and connected or directed with a spanning tree, with the proposed control laws, the consensus can be achieved. The authors note that with the observer based approach, some information exchange between the agents is needed unless the associated adjacent graph is completely connected.

摘要：This study proposes a new topology optimization solution providing designers with choices for feasible stiffener layouts inside large-scale containers of garbage trucks. Firstly, the mathematical expressions of loading conditions inside garbage containers are derived. Then, a growth-based layout optimization framework is built, taking inspiration from the morphology of plant ramifications. The principles of the highly effective but individual design rules of existent leaf venation layout problems are explored and transferred into analytical laws. Based on this, an evolutionary algorithm is developed to simulate the load-adapted growth of stiffener layouts, which provides an approximately homogeneous stress distribution along the surface of self-optimizing structures, Unlike the conventional methods, the new approach needs neither the densest ground structure nor the modification of the existing finite element programs, it is fast, easy to apply and nearly constraint free. Finally, a case study is provided showing how a large-scale container structure can be designed by this extremely intelligent CAD approach.

摘要：The optimum design of equivalent accelerated life testing plan based on proportional hazards-proportional odds model using D-optimality is presented. The defined equivalent test plan is the test plan that has the same value of the determinant of Fisher information matrix. The equivalent test plan of step stress accelerated life testing （SSALT） to a baseline optimum constant stress accelerated life testing （CSALT） plan is obtained by adjusting the censoring time of SSALT and solving the optimization problem for each case to achieve the same value of the determinant of Fisher information matrix as in the baseline optimum CSALT plan. Numer- ical examples are given finally which demonstrate the equivalent SSALT plan to the baseline optimum CSALT plan reduces almost half of the test time while achieving approximately the same estimation errors of model parameters.

摘要：Nanogenerators were first demonstrated by deflecting aligned ZnO nanowires using a conductive atomic force microscopy(AFM)*** output of a nanogenerator is affected by three parameters:tip normal force,tip scanning speed,and tip *** this work,systematic experimental studies have been carried out to examine the combined effects of these three parameters on the output,using statistical design of experiments.A statistical model has been built to analyze the data and predict the optimal parameter *** an AFM tip of cone angle 70°coated with Pt,and ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 50 nm and lengths of 600 nm to 1μm,the optimized parameters for the nanogenerator were found to be a normal force of 137 nN and scanning speed of 40μm/s,rather than the conventional settings of 120 nN for the normal force and 30μm/s for the scanning speed.A nanogenerator with the optimized settings has three times the average output voltage of one with the conventional settings.

摘要：In this paper, chaos synchronization in the presence of parameter uncertainty, observer gain perturbation and exogenous input disturbance is considered. A nonlinear non-fragile proportional-integral （PI） adaptive observer is designed for the synchronization of chaotic systems; its stability conditions based on the Lyapunov technique are derived. The observer proportional and integral gains, by converting the conditions into linear matrix inequality （LMI）, are optimally selected from solutions that satisfy the observer stability conditions such that the effect of disturbance on the synchronization error becomes minimized. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results for the synchronization of a Lorenz chaotic system with unknown parameters in the presence of an exogenous input disturbance and abrupt gain perturbation are reported.

摘要：Surface and interfacial behavior of protein molecules are crucial for the protein function involved in many biochemical processes and biomedical products such as enzyme design,bio-separation,drug design and *** article is devoted to an overview of design and regulation of the surface and interfacial behavior of protein *** improvement of enzyme surface such as the directed evolution and the rational design of enzymes is introduced at first,followed by the rational design of protein interface for the protein ***,the design of micro-environment and ligands are described as two examples for the design guided by protein *** the design of protein surface and interface with the help of artificial intelligence will be discussed.

摘要：The problem of fault-tolerant control is discussed for the longitudinal model of an airbreathing hypersonic vehicle （AHV） with actuator faults and external disturbances. Firstly, a fault-tolerant control strategy is presented for the longitudinal model of an AHV, which guarantees that velocity and altitude track their reference trajectories at an exponential convergence rate. However, this method needs to know the minimum value of the actuator efficiency factor and the upper bound of the external disturbances, which makes it not easy to implement. Then an improved adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme is proposed, where two adaptive laws are employed to estimate the upper bound of the external disturbances and the minimum value of the actuator efficiency factor, respectively. Secondly, the problem of designing a control scheme with control constraints is further considered, and a new adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy with input saturation is designed to guarantee that velocity and altitude track their reference trajectories. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.