摘要：电化学二氧化碳还原(ECO_(2)R)是一种将碳和可再生能源的能量储存在多碳产品(C_(2+))的化学键中的有效途径.然而,反应涉及的复杂步骤为CO_(2)直接转化为C_(2+)设置了巨大的障碍.一种利用CO作为“中转站”,通过串联ECO_(2)R和电化学CO还原(ECOR)以提高生产C_(2+)的选择性和反应速率的策略引起了人们的广泛关注.本文总结了铜基电催化剂在ECOR中催化特定C_(2+)生成的设计策略.其次,从各个方面总结了催化剂工程的代表性设计策略,并介绍了电解反应器改进方面的最新进展.最后,阐述了该研究领域面临的主要挑战和未来前景.这些见解和观点将为铜基电催化剂的设计提供有益指导.

摘要：在全球追求可持续清洁能源的背景下,电解水被视为一种高效生产氢气的方法,其效能极大依赖于催化剂的表现.设计实用催化剂时,活性和稳定性是至关重要的因素.尽管传统研究倾向于使用热力学活性来解释实验结果并指导新型催化材料的开发,研究催化剂的动力学活性和稳定性却未受到足够关注.本文分析了酸性条件下非贵金属催化剂在动力学活性和稳定性方面的局限,并提出了计算评估催化剂稳定性的标准化方法,同时探讨设计低成本、高效能催化剂面临的挑战.

摘要：The interest in curtailing environmental pollution issues through physical separation processes has inspired an extensive search for novel nanoporous materials with exceptional adsorption *** triazine frameworks(CTFs),emerged as a class of crystalline covalent organic frameworks(COFs),have been widely examined for various separation applications,owing to their large porosity,high stability,and rich nitrogen(N)*** development of CTFs for efficient adsorption of mercury(Ⅱ)(Hg^(2+))is of great importance for the field,whereas it is rarely attempted,on account of limited synthetic strategies and unknown structural-property relations of conventional CTFs derived from ionothermal ***,we report rational synthesis of a crystalline CTF with methylthio pendant arms for efficient removal of Hg^(2+)with an exceptional capacity of 751 mg·g^(-1),ranking at the top among previously-reported *** work may open up new possibility in the synthesis of COFs for various separations.

摘要：To solve the problem of slow leaching speed of copper,surfactant was added into lixivium as leaching agent in the *** on physical chemistry and seepage flow mechanics,the leaching mechanics of surfactant was *** solution surface tension and surfactant adsorbing on the surface of ore have a significant impact on the surface wetting *** leaching rate for response,the study screened out three main factors by Plackett-Burman design method:the sulfuric acid concentration,surfactant concentration and *** these three factors,the surfactant concentration is the most important contributor to leaching *** obtaining the experiment center by the steepest ascent experiment,a continuous variable surface model was built by response surface *** solving quadratic polynomial equation,optimal conditions for leaching were finally obtained as follows:the sulfuric acid concentration was 60 g/L,the surfactant concentration was 0.00914 mol/L,and the temperature was 45 °*** leaching rate was 66.81% in the optimized leaching conditions,which was close to the predicted value,showing that regression result was good.

摘要：Selection of air conditioning（AC） cold/heat sources generally concerns about certain aspects and cannot reveal the whole profile of the problems. Grey relation analysis （GRA） is a data processing method to categorize the correlation extent of compared sequences and a certain reference sequence in a system with uncertain information. It is applied to evaluating and selecting AC cold/heat sources from four main aspects, which are technology, economy, reliability, and operation and management. Case study shows that the result for selecting AC cold/heat sources with the GRA method can be more reasonable and convincible. Thus it offers a new approach for designers in heating, ventilating and air conditioning field to compare and evaluate different AC cold/heat sou rces.

摘要：A novel anaerobic reactor, jet biogas inter-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JBILAFB）, was designed and constructed. The start-up and performance of the reactor was investigated in the Process. of .artificial glucose wastewater treatment. With the wastewater recycle ratio of 2.5 ： 1, the recycled wastewater with biogas could mix sludge and wastewater in the JBILAFB reactor completely. The start-up of the JBILAFB reactor could be completed in less than 70 d through maintenance of hydraulic retention time （HR^I＂） and stepwise increase of feed total organic carbon （TOC） concentration. After the start-up, with the volumetric TOC loadings of 14.3 kg·m ^-3·d^-1, the TOC removal ratio, the effluent pH, and the volatile fatty acids （VFA）/alkalinity of the JBILAFB reactor were more than 80%, close to 7.0 and less than 0.4, respectively. Moreover, CH4 was produced at more than 70% of the theoretical value, The reactor exhibited high stability under the condition of high volumetric TOC loading. Sludge granules in the JBILAFB reactor were developed during the start-up and their sizes were enlarged with the stepwise increase of volumetric TOC loadings from 0.8 kg.m^-3.d ^-1 to 14.3 kg.m^-3.d^-1. Granules, an offwhite color and a similar spherical shape, were mainly comprised of global-like bacteria. These had good methanogenic activity and settleability, which were formed probably through adhesion of the bacteria. Some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg, Al, etc. were advantageous to the formation of the granules.

摘要：Conversion-type anode materials hold great potential for Li+storage applications owing to their high specific capacity,while large volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity limit their rate and cycling ***,a bimetal ZnMn-based metal-organic framework(ZnMn-MOF)is engineered for in situ conversion of MnO-encapsulated porous carbon(MnO/PC)*** templating and activation effects of coordinated Zn endow the converted PC matrix with a highly porous *** enhances the compatibility of PC matrix with MnO particles,resulting in the full encapsulation of MnO particles in the PC *** significantly,the PC matrix provides enough void space to buffer the volume change,which fully wraps the MnO without crack or fracture during repeated *** a result,MnO/PC shows high charge storage capability,extraordinary rate performance,and long-term cycling stability at the same *** MnO/PC exhibits high delithiation capacities of 768mA h g^(-1)at 0.1Ag^(-1)and 487mA h g^(-1)at a high rate of 0.7Ag^(-1),combined with an unattenuated cycling performance after 500 cycles at 0.3Ag^(-1).More significantly,MnO/PC demonstrates a well-matched performance with the capacitive activated carbon electrode in a Li-ion capacitor(LIC)full *** demonstrates a high specific energy of 153.6W h kg^(-1)at 210W kg^(-1),combined with a specific energy of 71.8W h kg^(-1)at a high specific power of 63.0kW kg^(-1).

摘要：ZnO is a typical direct wide-bandgap semiconductor material, which has various morphologies and unique physical and chemical properties, and is widely used in the fields of energy, information technology, biomedicine, and others. The precise design and controllable fabrication of nanostructures have gradually become important avenues to further enhancing the performance of Zn O-based functional nanodevices. This paper introduces the continuous development of patterning technologies, provides a comprehensive review of the optical lithography and laser interference lithography techniques for the controllable fabrication of Zn O nanostructures, and elaborates on the potential applications of such patterned Zn O nanostructures in solar energy, water splitting, light emission devices, and nanogenerators. Patterned Zn O nanostructures with highly controllable morphology and structure possess discrete three-dimensional space structure, enlarged surface area, and improved light capture ability, which realize the efficient carrier regulation,achieve highly efficient energy conversion, and meet the diverse requirements of functional nanodevices. The patterning techniques proposed for the precise design of Zn O nanostructures not only have important guiding significance for the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures of other materials, but also open up a new route for the further development of functional nanostructures.

摘要：Geographic Hypermedia(GH)is a rich and interactive map document with geo-tagged graphics,sound and video ele-ments.A Geographic Hypermedia System(GHS)is designed to manage,query,display and explore GH *** emerging geo-tagged videos and measurable images as valuable geographic data resources,this paper aims to design a web-based GHS using web mapping,geoprocessing,video streaming and XMLHTTP *** concept,data model,system design and implementation of this GHS are discussed in ***-tagged videos are modeled as temporal,spatial and metadata entities such as video clip,video path and frame-based ***,geo-tagged stereo video and derived data are modeled as interre-lated entities:original video,rectified video,stereo video,video path,frame-based description and measurable image(rectified and disparity image with baseline,interior and exterior parameters).The entity data are organized into video files,GIS layers with linear referencing and XML documents for web *** data can be integrated in HTML pages or used as Rich Internet Appli-cations(RIA)using standard web technologies such as the AJAX,*** and RIA *** SOA-based GHS is designed using four types of web services:ArcGIS Server 9.3 web mapping and geoprocessing services,Flash FMS 3.0 video streaming ser-vices and GeoRSS XMLHTTP *** applications in road facility management and campus hypermapping indicate that the GH data models and technical solutions introduced in this paper are useful and flexible enough for wider deployment as a GHS.

摘要：An innovative internal circulation membrane bioreactor（ICMBR）treating traditional opaque beer brewery wastewater was introduced. Beer wastewater from Tianjin Huarun Brewhouse was taken as the influent. The removal efficiency of suspended solid, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were studied with the changeable hard real time design method, organic loading rate and nutrition elements. The average percentage reduction in chemical oxygen demand achieved 90%. The total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen were also reduced by 90% and 95%, respectively. The results indicate that the outlet of ICMBR meets the requirements of the environment landscape recycling use.