摘要：Tailoring the microstructure of pristine TiO2 is essential to narrow its band gap and prolong the charge lifetime. In particular, strategies involving fluorine have been used successfully to tune the surface chemistry, electronic structure, and morphology of TiO2 photocatalysts to improve their photocatalytic activity based on the strong complexation between fluoride ions and TiO2 and the high electronegativity of fluorine. In this review, we summarize the strategies involving fluorine to establish highly efficient TiO2 photocatalytic systems or fabricate highly efficient TiO2 photocatalysts. The main fluorine effects(i.e. the effects of fluorine on photocatalysis) include the following four aspects:(1) Surface effects of fluoride on TiO2 photocatalysis,(2) effects of fluorine doping on TiO2 photocatalysis,(3) fluoride-mediated tailoring of the morphology of TiO2 photocatalysts, and(4) the effects of fluorine on non-TiO2 photocatalysis. Additionally, the unique applications of these fluorine effects in photocatalysis, including selective degradation of pollutants, selective oxidation of chemicals, water-splitting to produce H2, reduction of CO2 to produce solar fuels, and improvement of the thermostability of TiO2 photocatalysts, are reviewed.

摘要：Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health,and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB) or free in the ***, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was *** analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp^(2) backbones and functional oxygen groups,which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore,the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/Ti O2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.

摘要：Designing and fabricating highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting is a promising strategy to address energy and environmental *** sulfide(CdS)has received significant interest as a photocatalyst for visible‐light‐induced hydrogen(H2)***,the severe photocorrosion,high overpotential,rapid charge recombination,and sluggish surface reaction kinetics drastically hinder its practical application in water ***,uniform zinc cadmium sulfide(Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S)nanoparticles were anchored on ultrathin Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets via a facile solution‐phase approach to form an intimate two‐dimensional(2D)/zero‐dimensional(0D)*** visible light irradiation,the 7%Ni(OH)_(2)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S composite exhibited the highest H2 production rate of 6.87 mmol·h^(–1)·g^(–1)with an apparent quantum yield of 16.8%at 420 nm,which is almost 43 times higher than that of pristine Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S and considerably higher than that of the Pt/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S *** high photoactivity of the 2D/0D Ni(OH)_(2)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S heterojunction can be ascribed to its unique and robust structure,wherein the ultrathin Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets not only provide an excellent platform for the incorporation of Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S nanoparticles but also serve as an effective cocatalyst to promote photoinduced electron transfer and offer more active sites for photocatalytic H_(2) *** work paves the way toward the development of versatile,low‐cost,and highly efficient 2D/0D heterojunction photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.

摘要：Semiconductor technology and packaging is advancing rapidly toward system integration where the packaging is co-designed and co-manufactured along with the wafer ***,materials issues,in particular the mesoscale microstructure,have to date been excluded from the integrated product design cycle of electronic packaging due to the myriad of materials used and the complex nature of the material phenomena that require a multiphysics approach to *** the context of the materials genome initiative,we present an overview of a series of studies that aim to establish the linkages between the material microstructure and its responses by considering the multiple perspectives of the various multiphysics *** microstructure was predicted using thermodynamic calculations,sharp interface kinetic models,phase field,and phase field crystal *** on the predicted mesoscale microstructure,linear elastic mechanical analyses and electromigration simulations on the ultrafine interconnects were *** microstructural index extracted by a method based on singular value decomposition exhibits a monotonous decrease with an increase in the interconnect *** artificial neural network-based fitting revealed a nonlinear relationship between the microstructure index and the average von Mises stress in the ultrafine *** work to address the randomness of microstructure and the resulting scatter in the reliability is discussed in this study.

摘要：Anchoring molecular cocatalysts on semiconductors has been recognized as a general strategy to boost the charge separation efficiency required for efficient ***,the effect of molecular cocatalysts on energy funneling(i.e.,directional energy transfer)inside semiconductor photocatalysts has not been demonstrated *** we prepared CdS nanorods with both thin and thick rods and anchored the conjugated molecules 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole(MBI)and cobalt molecular catalysts(MCoA)sequentially onto the surface of *** absorption measurements revealed that MBI molecules facilitated energy funneling from thin to thick rods by the electronic coupling between thin and thick nanorods,which is essentially a light‐harvesting antenna approach to enhance the charge generation efficiency in the reaction center(here the thick rods).Moreover,MBI and MCoA molecules selectively extracted photogenerated holes and electrons of CdS nanorods rapidly,leading to efficient charge ***,CdS/MBI/MCoA displayed 15 times enhanced photocatalytic H_(2) evolution(1.65 mL)than pure CdS(0.11 mL)over 3 h of *** amount of H_(2) evolution reached 60 mL over 48 h of illumination with a high turnover number of 26294 and an apparent quantum efficiency of 71%at 420 *** study demonstrates a novel design principle for next‐generation photocatalysts.

摘要：Loading of cocatalysts can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers in photocatalysts and greatly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate. Cocatalysts can be deposited at the outlet points of electrons using a photochemical method, which is beneficial for the following photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. H2PO2^– has been used in the photochemical reduction of transition metals because of its special properties. However, the particles formed in the presence of H2PO2^– are very large and highly crystalline, which may inhibit the activity of photocatalysts. In this study, we designed a new method for synthesizing photocatalysts by photodeposition using some other phosphates, aiming to prepare controllable weakly crystalline and small-size cocatalysts to improve the hydrogen production activity. The cocatalyst prepared using H2PO3^– as an inorganic sacrificial agent has an amorphous structure and an average size of about 10 nm. The optimal photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the obtained Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4(4.36 wt%) is 13707.86 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is even higher than the activity of Pt-4.36 wt%/g-C3N4(11210.93 μmol·g^-1·h^-1). Mechanistic studies show that loading of Ni(OH)2 can efficiently accelerate the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.

摘要：Flexible sensors that can respond to multiple mechanical excitation modes and have high sensitivity are of great significance in the fields of electronic skin and health *** multiple signal responses to skin such as strain and temperature remains an important ***,new multifunctional ion-crosslinked hydrogels with toughness and conductivity were designed and prepared in this work.A chemical gel with high mechanical strength was prepared by cross-linking acrylamide with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide and ammonium *** addition,in order to enhance the conductive properties of the hydrogel,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and Al^(3+)ions were added to the hydrogel during *** double-layer network makes this ionic hydrogel show excellent mechanical ***,the composite hydrogel containing Ca^(2+)can reach a maximum stretch of 1100%and exhibits ultra-high sensitivity(Sp=10.690 MPa^(-1)).The obtained hydrogels can successfully prepare wearable strain sensors,as well as track and monitor human *** present prepared multifunctional hydrogels are expected to be further expanded to intelligent health sensor materials.

摘要：lmprovement of the charge separation of titanosilicate molecular sieves is critical to their use asphotocatalysts for oxidative organic *** this work,MFI TS-1 molecular sievenanosheets(TS-1 NS)were synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method using a tai-lored diquaternary ammonium surfactant as the structure-directing *** Ni^2+cationsat the ion-exchange sites of the TS-1 NS framework significantly enhanced its photoactivity in aero-bic alcohol *** optimized Ni cation-functionalized TS-1 NS(Ni/TS-1 NS)provide impres-sive photoactivity,with a benzyl alcohol(BA)conversion of 78.9%and benzyl aldehyde(BAD)se-lectivity of 98.8%using O as the only oxidant under full light irradiation;this BAD yield is approx-imately six times greater than that obtained for bulk TS-1,and is maintained for five *** ex-cellent photoactivity of Ni/TS-1 NS is attributed to the significantly enlarged surface area of thetwo-dimensional morphology TS-1 NS,extra mesopores,and greatly improved charge *** with bulk TS-1,Ni/TS-1 NS has a much shorter charge transfer ***-introduced Ni species could capture the photoelectrons to further improve the charge *** work opens the way to a class of highly selective,robust,and low-cost titanosilicate mo-lecular sieve-based photocatalysts with industrial potential for selective oxidative transformationsand pollutant degradation.

摘要：According to the problems of short life and low strength of TiB2 coating cathode for current technology in aluminium electrolysis industry,this work synthesized TiB2-TiB/Ti gradient composite with TiB2 coating and TiB whiskers in metallic Ti matrix by a electrolytic boronizing method based on similar density and thermal expansivity of the three *** phase composition and morphology of the cross-section were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electronic microscope(SEM)and X-ray energy dispersive spectrum(EDS).The results show that uniform TiB2 layer with a thickness of 8-10μm is continuously coated on the surface while the TiB whisker connected with TiB2 layer was embedded dispersedly into the *** TiB crystal whisker has a maximum length of about 220μ*** growth rate of TiB2 and TiB is enhanced by the strong reduction of *** novel gradient design of the composite helps to extend life and improve strength of the TiB2 cathode in aluminium electrolysis.

摘要：Filtering media is anything placed in a filter that changes the quality of water flowing through *** the variety of media available,proper selection of filter media is of great importance for filter *** glass is evaluated as an alternative to silica sand in media filters and is an effective medium with the advantages of lower cost than silica sand,more environmental friendliness as it is a recycled product,and ease to pulverize into different sizes for specific design ***,the filtration efficiency of regenerated recycled glass is limited by the formation of biofilms on its surfaces due to the large number of microorganisms such as bacteria and algae existing in the *** this study,hydrofluoric(HF)acid etched glass spheres(GSs)modified with polydopamine(PDA)and silver nanoparticles(PDA-AgHF/GSs)were fabricated on the surface of soda-lime GSs by HF etching,crystal in situ growth,and PDA *** etching and the modification of PDA coating imparted good hydrophilicity to PDA-Ag-HF/*** modification of the silver coating also rendered PDA-Ag-HF/GSs excellent antibacterial properties and reduced Chlorella adhesion,and inhibited microorganism growth ability by releasing Ag^+.The catechol functional group on the PDA coating could regulate the Ag^+release by *** antibacterial properties,anti-algae adhesion,and controlled release of Ag^+indicate that PDA-Ag-HF/GS coating can effectively inhibit the formation of biofilm on the surface of the material,providing a new strategy for the formation of anti-biofilm.