摘要：The development of highly active DFT catalysts for an electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)under mild conditions is a difficult *** this study,a series of atom‐pair catalysts(APCs)for an NRR were fabricated using transition‐metal(TM)atoms(TM=Sc−Zn)doped into g‐CN *** electrochemical mechanism of APCs for an NRR has been reported by well‐defined density functional theory *** calculated limiting potentials were−0.47 and−0.78 V for the Fe_(2)@CN and Co_(2)@CN catalysts,*** to its high suppression of hydrogen evolution reactions,Co_(2)@CN is a superior electrocatalytic material for a N_(2)*** Fe_(2)@CN may be a strongly attractive material for an NRR with a relatively low overpotential after an improvement in the *** two‐way charge transfer affirmed the donation‐acceptance procedure between N_(2)and Fe_(2)@CN or Co_(2)@CN,which play a crucial role in the activation of inert N≡N *** study provides an in‐depth investigation into atom‐pair catalysts and will open up new avenues for highly efficient g‐CN‐based nanostructures for an NRR.

摘要：Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high energy density(2600 Wh kg-1). However, its commercialization is hindered seriously by the low loading and utilization rate of sulfur cathodes. Herein, we designed the cellulose-based graphene carbon composite aerogel(CCA) self-standing electrode to enhance the performance of Li-S batteries. The CCA contributes to the mass loading and utilization efficiency of sulfur, because of its unique physical structure: low density(0.018 g cm-3), large specific surface area(657.85 m2 g-1), high porosity(96%), and remarkable electrolyte adsorption(42.25 times). Compared to Al(about 49%), the CCA displayed excellent sulfur use efficiency(86%) and could reach to high area capacity of 8.60 mAh cm-2 with 9.11 mgS loading. Meanwhile,the CCA exhibits the excellent potential for pulse sensing applications due to its flexibility and superior sensitivity to electrical response signals.

摘要：Cadmium sulfide(Cd S)-based photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention owing to their strong visible light absorption,suitable band energy levels,and excellent electronic charge transportation *** review focuses on the recent progress related to the design,modification,and construction of Cd S-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution ***,the basic concepts and mechanisms of photocatalytic H2 evolution are briefly ***,the fundamental properties,important advancements,and bottlenecks of Cd S in photocatalytic H2 generation are presented in detail to provide an overview of the potential of this ***,various modification strategies adopted for Cd S-based photocatalysts to yield solar H2 are discussed,among which the effective approaches aim at generating more charge carriers,promoting efficient charge separation,boosting interfacial charge transfer,accelerating charge utilization,and suppressing charge-induced *** critical factors governing the performance of the photocatalyst and the feasibility of each modification strategy toward shaping future research directions are comprehensively discussed with ***,the prospects and challenges encountered in developing nanostructured Cd S and Cd S-based nanocomposites in photocatalytic H2 evolution are presented.

摘要：MXene具有丰富的高电负性末端原子、较大的比表面积和较小的原子厚度等优点,已被用作前驱体制备多种纳米材料.然而,目前已报道的用于衍生金属有机框架(MOF)的MXene仅限于V_(2)CT_(x).因此,通过增加MXene和有机配体的种类,合理设计和合成新型MOF,并进一步深入探索其合成机理仍是目前面临的重要挑战.本文采用金属离子辅助转化策略,以二维Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)为前驱体,合成了具有非互穿SrSi2(srs)框架的基于儿茶酚的三维(3D)TiCu-HHTP(HHTP=2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三苯)MOF.该策略表现出了良好的普适性,Ti3C2和辅助Cu^(2+)离子可以扩展到V2C MXene和其他辅助金属离子Mn^(+)(M=Ni^(2+)、Co^(2+),Mn^(2+)和Zn^(2+)).转化机制包括从Ti3C2纳米片到辅助金属离子的电荷转移、Ti-C键断裂促进释放Ti^(4+)离子以及Ti^(4+)/Mn^(+)与HHTP之间的强螯合配位协同促进TiCu-HHTP的形成.独特的3D导电网络和丰富的氧化还原位点赋予了TiCu-HHTP-7/PPy复合柔性透明电极快速的离子/电子传输和可逆的法拉第反应.在0.02 mA cm^(-2)电流密度下,TiCu-HHTP/PPy透明电极的面积比电容值达到3.63 mF cm^(-2),明显高于纯PPy电极的面积电容值(1.79 mF cm^(-2)).TiCu-HHTP/PPy透明电容器在0.75μW cm^(-2)的功率密度下,能量密度为0.042μWh cm^(-2).

摘要：Photocatalytic hydrogen production is considered a promising approach to generating clean sustainable ***,the conventional co-catalyst(e.g.,Pt)used in photocatalytic hydrogen production is high-cost and difficult to ***,we designed and prepared a ternary nanocomposite MXene@Au@Cd S,which can be used in the field of efficient and excellent photocatalytic hydrogen *** MXene@Au@Cd S has a hydrogen production rate of 17,070.43μmol g^-1h^-1(tested for 2 h),which is 1.85 times that of pure Cd S *** improved hydrogen production performance of the MXene@Au@Cd S is attributed to:(i)MXene provides more active adsorption sites and reaction centers for Au and Cd S nanoparticles;(ii)the synergistic effect of Au’s strong surface plasmon resonance expands the optical response range of Cd ***,this work solves the problem of the solid connection between the surface functional groups of photocatalyst,and achieves rapid interface charge transfer and long-term stability during the hydrogen production.

摘要：A reasonable design strategy to improve the utilization of noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is crucial to simplify the process flow and accelerate the future renewable energy ***,abundant defects were created on 2.4-nm Ru nanoparticles to achieve unprecedently high mass-specific reactivity in harsh acidic and alkaline *** obtained defect-enriched Ru(DR-Ru)exhibits an ultrahigh HER turnover frequency of16.4 s^(-1)with a 100-mV overpotential in alkaline media,and it also retains an excellent value of 20.6 s^(-1)in acidic media;these results are superior to those reported for other Ru ***,a record-low loading of 2.5μg cm^(-2)for the DR-Ru catalysts and low overpotentials of 28.2 and 25.1 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)can be realized in alkaline and acidic media,***,the less coordinated Ru surface sites and partial lattice oxygen introduction weaken the bonding between H and DR-Ru catalysts,facilitate fast acidic HERkinetics and help dissociate the water molecule to overcome the major challenge of HER in alkaline electrolytes,leading to an activity comparable to that under acidic *** result provides a guideline for defect engineering on noble metal nanocatalysts to effectively improve the utilization of the catalysts and optimize reactivities.

摘要：为进一步提高电破乳的效率,通过分析油中水滴在电场力作用下的受力情况,得出影响水滴静电聚结的因素,并设计了绝缘型静电聚结器对油包水乳状液进行室内实验,结果表明,增加电场强度和延长电场停留时间可有效促进分散水滴聚并成大颗粒水滴,提高其在油相中的沉降速率,加快油水分层速度。含水量过高导致油水乳状液电导率激增,不利于乳状液的静电聚结。具有良好的稳定性和耐腐蚀性的绝缘材料可有效防止因局部电流过大导致的电场崩溃。在此基础上开发出的静电聚结器在现场生产中取得了较好效果,在保证分离效果的前提下,能显著降低静电聚结器能耗。

摘要：目的:废旧轮胎正成为一个日益严峻的环境问题。本文旨在研究发掘一个高效绿色的处理废旧轮胎的方法。本文探讨微波热解废旧轮胎的可能性,同时研究不同环境温度、微波频率以及样本大小对微波热解废旧轮胎效率的影响。方法:1.通过实验分析,验证影响微波热解废旧轮胎的关键因素,同时找出微波热解废旧轮胎的最佳条件。2.理论设计多个与分解效率相关的变量,推导其计算公式,从而证明提高热解效率的关键因素。3.分析热解后产物,证明该方法是高效绿色的。结论:1.微波热解废旧轮胎的最佳条件是:轮胎样品厚度为5 mm、微波频率为915 MHz以及环境温度为592.1°C。2.分解产物中包含35%的炭黑、40%的原油以及25%的可燃性气体;这证明微波热解法是有效的。3.所有产物皆可重复利用,证明该方法是高效绿色的。

摘要：The development of low-cost semiconductor photocatalysts for highly efficient and durable photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light is very *** this study,we combine low-cost metallic Ni3C cocatalysts with twin nanocrystal Zn0.5Cd0.5S(ZCS)solid solution homojunctions for an efficient visible-light-driven H2 production by a simple ***-synthesized Zn0.5Cd0.5S-1%Ni3C(ZCS-1)heterojunction/homojunction nanohybrid exhibited the highest photocatalytic H2-evolution rate of 783μmol h‒1 under visible light,which is 2.88 times higher than that of pristine twin nanocrystal ZCS solid *** apparent quantum efficiencies of ZCS and ZCS-1 are measured to be 6.13%and 19.25%at 420 nm,***,the homojunctions between the zinc blende and wurtzite segments in twin nanocrystal ZCS solid solution can significantly improve the light absorption and separation of photogenerated electron-hole ***,the heterojunction between ZCS and metallic Ni3C NP cocatalysts can efficiently trap excited electrons from ZCS solid solution and enhance the H2-evolution kinetics at the surface for improving catalytic *** study demonstrates a unique one-step strategy for constructing heterojunction/homojunction hybrid nanostructures for a more efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution compared to other noble metal photocatalytic systems.

摘要：Selective coupling of methyl radicals to produce C_(2) species(C2H4 and C2H6)is a key challenge for oxidative coupling of methane(OCM).In traditional OCM reaction systems,homogeneous transformation of methyl radicals in O_(2)‐containing gases are uncontrollable,resulting in limited C_(2) selectivity and ***,we demonstrate that methyl radicals generated by La_(2)O_(3)at low reaction temperature can selectively couple on the surface of 5 wt%Na2WO4/SiO_(2).The controllable surface coupling against overoxidation barely changes the activity of La_(2)O_(3)but boosts the C_(2)selectivity by three times and achieves a C_(2)yield as high as 10.9%at bed temperature of only 570℃.Structure‐property studies suggest that Na_(2)WO_(4) nanoclusters are the active sites for methyl radical *** strong CH_(3)·affinity of these sites can even endow some methane combustion catalysts with OCM *** findings of the surface coupling of methyl radicals open a new direction to develop OCM *** bifunctional OCM catalyst system,which composes of a methane activation center and a CH_(3)·coupling center,may deliver promising OCM performance at reaction temperatures below the ignition temperature of C2H6 and C2H4(~600℃)and is therefore more controllable,safer,and certainly more attractive as an actual process.