摘要：This research introduces a holistic framework called Design for Availablhty that uses me principles of Lean Sigma and Design for X to cost-effectively optimize the availability of capital goods （i.e., technical systems used in the production of end-products or -services such as medical systems, airplanes, and manufacturing equipment） throughout their entire lifetime. Manufacturers require such a framework because users of capital goods increasingly insist on high system availability levels against reduced lifetime costs. The Design for Availability framework allows manufacturers to determine the current status of system availability and associated lifetime costs, and to identify opportunities to create additional value for themselves and their customers. A case study at a global manufacturer of capital goods in the food processing industry illustrates how the framework can be used in practice and to what extent the manufacturer and customers may profit from applying Design for Availability.

摘要：One of the key challenges for implementing RFID systems in supply chain management is the difficulty in economic justification. Such difficulty is further amplified by its public participation nature as multiple self-interest beneficiaries may receive diverse paybacks, and their incentives to join the system are difficult to align. This paper aims to address these problems by a collaborative design from two aspects. First, we propose to introduce a centralized planning mechanism in the chain to facilitate the participation, so that the cost of the overall system can be minimized. Second, we propose to analyze the multi-facet economic return from multi-purpose applications to achieve the full potential of RFID systems. To illustrate our approach, its application for inventory inaccuracy and product recall in RFID system is presented.

摘要：Nanogenerators were first demonstrated by deflecting aligned ZnO nanowires using a conductive atomic force microscopy(AFM)*** output of a nanogenerator is affected by three parameters:tip normal force,tip scanning speed,and tip *** this work,systematic experimental studies have been carried out to examine the combined effects of these three parameters on the output,using statistical design of experiments.A statistical model has been built to analyze the data and predict the optimal parameter *** an AFM tip of cone angle 70°coated with Pt,and ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 50 nm and lengths of 600 nm to 1μm,the optimized parameters for the nanogenerator were found to be a normal force of 137 nN and scanning speed of 40μm/s,rather than the conventional settings of 120 nN for the normal force and 30μm/s for the scanning speed.A nanogenerator with the optimized settings has three times the average output voltage of one with the conventional settings.

摘要：Introduction In the past decade,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,which precisely deposits bioink composed of the biological materials and the living cells into delicate structures with the living cells encapsulated,has made numerous important advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine[1,2].Depending on the printing mechanism,3D bioprinting technologies are generally categorized into four types:inkjet-based bioprinting,microextrusion-based bioprinting,laser-assisted bioprinting,and stereolithography-based bioprinting[3].

摘要：The outage of a transformer in a power generation system will generally result in a shutdown of the entire system. Consequentially, large amounts of revenue are lost to the plant owner with a substantial negative impact on the civil community and industrial customers. This paper analyzes the current maintenance practices （i.e., an as-is process model） of a transformer manufacturing company, which provides maintenance services to power generation plants and reports the major weaknesses in current business practices. The maintenance weaknesses include isolated processes and paper based information communication. These inefficient processes result in service delays, cost increases, and inappropriate responses to customers＇ specific requests and complaints. To improve the efficiency and flexibility of the entire transformer maintenance service system, an e-integration approach is implemented with three key tasks. First, the current business processes are re-engineered to provide an improved （to-be） business model. Then, we replace paper based documentation methods with an electronic filing system for efficient and cost-effective information exchange. Afterward, the improved process model is implemented as an Internet based system to enhance the interactions among the transformer manufacturer, end-users, and service contractors for customized maintenance services. The case study demonstrates that implementing the e-integration approach increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the customized maintenance services.

摘要：Cell migration is facilitated by the interaction of living cells and their local *** local topography is one of the key factors regulating cell *** between the surface topography and the cell behaviors is critical to understanding tissue development and *** this study,a dynamic mask photolithography technique has been utilized to fabricate a surface with graded *** has been demonstrated that the cells have been successfully guided to migrate from the sparse zone to the dense *** cell polarization angle has been characterized in both sparse zone and the dense *** to the dense zone,the cells in the sparse zone are more aligned along the direction of the micropillar spacing gradient,which enables the guided cell ***,the effects of the micropillar spacing gradient,micropillar diameter,and micropillar height have been investigated in terms of the cell migration speed and cell spreading ***,two issues significantly affecting the cell migration have been discussed:trapped cells between the micropillars and cell clusters.

摘要：3D solid models for parts with regular-form surfaces (PRFSs) are effectively generated using traditional parametric design techniques. A new model is obtained by changing some parameters defining the model. The parts with free-form surfaces (PFFSs), however, cannot be defined by several parameters. Usually they are defined by some geometric elements like profile curves. The traditional parametric design approaches have not easily dealt with the PFFSs. A method for generating a solid model and an engineering drawing for PFFSs is proposed in this paper: First, the new profiles are generated from input point data. Second, the profile information is extracted from the existing model. Last, the old profiles are replaced with the new profiles. This method can preserve the associative information of the existing model and automatically generate the drawing including views, dimen- sions, and annotations. The proposed method has been implemented using a commercial CAD/CAM system, Unigraphics, and API functions written in C-language, and were applied to the blades of a turbine generator. Some illustrative examples are pro- vided in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

摘要：The kinematic accuracy of space manipulator determines whether the spacecraft performs normally or not. Problems pertaining to structural deformation have received increased attention in recent times. In the space manipulator systems, flexible arms and joints can induce drastic dynamic instabilities. In applications such as the space station, kinematic error due to structural deformation can jointly affect the performance characteristics. And it is crucial for accuracy control of space manipulator to establish a precision index. Here we analyze the dynamics characteristic of flexible space manipulator considering the hysteresis of harmonic reducer based on method of nonconstraint boundary modal. For the sake of describing the output accuracy, we integrate the method of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to establish a comprehensive evaluation index. A numerical simulation is performed to analyze the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of space manipulator with harmonic reducer. With the analysis of accuracy assessment, the relation among the hysteresis angle, rigidity and output accuracy is revealed. Considering the elastic modulus of flexible space manipulator and the hysteresis angle of harmonic reducer, we conduct an evaluation of output characteristics of flexible space manipulator with the proposed comprehensive evaluation index. The accuracy evaluation of output characteristics based on the proposed comprehensive evaluation index is implemented in the initial stage of space manipulator's design, which can not only solve the problems existing in the design but also save cost savings for ground tests. The results can be used in designing and optimizing future space manipulators, which may provide valuable references for design and thermal control of the space manipulator.

摘要：In order to investigate the design method for a micro centrifugal compressor, which is the most important component of an ultra micro gas turbine, two types of centrifugal impeller with 2-dimensional blade were designed, manufactured and tested. These impellers have different shapes of hub on the meridional plane with each other. Moreover, these types of impeller were made for the 5 times and the 6 times size of the final target centrifugal impeller with the outer diameter of 4ram in order to assess the similitude for the impellers. The comparison among the performance characteristics of the impellers revealed the influence of the meridional configuration on the performance and the similitude of the compressors.

摘要：The study focuses on the flexible jumper issue of Subsurface Tension Leg Production （STLP） system concept, which is considered as a competing alternative system to support well completion devices and rigid risers in ultra-deep water for offshore petroleum production. The paper presents analytical and numerical approaches for the optimum design and global analysis of the flexible jumper. Criteria using catenary concept are developed to define the critical length for optimum design. Based on the criteria, detailed hydrodynamic analyses including quasi-static analysis, modal analysis, and dynamic analysis are performed. Modal analysis with respect to the quasi-static analysis shows that the existence of resonant modes requires special consideration. The results of dynamic analysis confirm the effectiveness of the de-coupled effect from the jumper on STLP system. The approaches developed in the study also have wide application prospect in reference to the optimum design and analysis of any Hybrid Riser （HR） concept.