摘要：亚纳米线(SNWs)具有类高分子的性质,可以像高分子一样进行加工,而且其组成和结构易于调控,具有丰富的功能.合理设计多组分异质结构SNWs可以进一步提高其功能性,然而目前合成这种SNWs仍然面临着巨大的挑战.本文合成了Bi_(2)O_(3)-多酸异质结构SNWs(PMB SNWs),并制备了超顺排的PMB SNWs薄膜(S-PMB SNWs薄膜),该薄膜可以作为中间层,有效抑制多硫化锂(LPSs)的穿梭,从本质上促进LPSs氧化还原转化动力学,并对锂阳极起到保护作用.以S-PMB SNWs膜作为中间层的锂硫(Li-S)电池在850次循环中表现出超低的容量衰减率,每循环一圈只衰减0.013%.本研究证明了这种异质结构的SNWs具有改善锂硫电池性能的潜力.

摘要：太阳能电池结构中给体和受体的各向异性使得调制优化共混薄膜的形貌面临巨大挑战,因而使得非富勒烯全小分子太阳能电池很难实现高效率.因此,开发一种简便的分子设计策略有效地调节光活性材料的结晶特性,从而实现对共混形貌的协同调制变得至关重要.在本工作中,我们设计合成了侧基苯基取代的新给体分子B1.与噻吩侧基取代给体小分子BTR相比,侧基对称苯基取代的B1具有更强的结晶性.B1与非富勒烯受体BO-4Cl共混制备全小分子器件,GIWAXS测试发现在共混膜中B1的分子取向被受体分子BO-4Cl显著诱导,B1优势分子取向由单纯膜中的edge-on转变为共混膜中的face-on,表明B1与BO-4Cl之间存在更强的相互作用.基于B1:BO-4Cl的器件获得了15.3%的能量转换效率,经中国计量科学研究院(NIM)认证为15.1%.本工作结果提供了一种简单而有效的策略来改善给体分子的结晶性能,并实现活性层形貌的协同优化,从而获得了全小分子器件能量转化效率的突破.

摘要：近年来,由工程生物材料制成的可注射治疗剂正变得越来越流行,并推动传统的临床实践走向微创化.可注射水凝胶由于其可调控的物理及化学特性、可控的降解性能、高含水量以及在微创方式下实现递送的能力,在组织工程和药物递送领域中变得越来越重要.研究者们已开发出例如原位交联水凝胶、大孔水凝胶、水凝胶微粒、动态交联水凝胶等一系列性能独特的可注射水凝胶.通过调控水凝胶的固含量和交联密度,并引入适当的共价或非共价相互作用,例如静电相互作用、疏水相互作用等,这些水凝胶可在注射过程中实现生物活性分子的递送.同时,可注射水凝胶亦可用于细胞的递送,提供细胞培养所需的三维环境,并通过调控力学性能、化学修饰、生物功能化修饰等手段调控细胞黏附、增殖、分化等行为.本文旨在回顾近年来可注射水凝胶的设计和制备的相关进展,以及其在再生医学中的应用,并对该领域存在的挑战和潜力进行了展望.

摘要：本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致脱附的影响更小,呈现出正的光响应.在405 nm的激光照射下,器件的响应率为0.22 A W^(-1),探测率为10^(10)Jones.此外,玻璃态石墨烯中的固有缺陷和应变可增强分析物的吸附,获得良好的化学传感性能.玻璃态石墨烯器件探测丙酮的信噪比为48,比石墨烯器件提高了50%以上.此外,对偏压和厚度有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)感测功能的分析表明,少层玻璃态石墨烯更为敏感.这项研究表明玻璃态石墨烯在集成光电探测和化学传感多功能器件方面具有巨大应用前景.

摘要：Piezoelectric nanowires have attracted much scientific interest in the last few years because of their enhanced piezoelectric coefficients at nanometer scale, with promises of efficient mechanical energy harvesters for autonomous integrated systems. This paper presents the design and, for the first time, guideline rules, based on simple analytical expressions, to improve the performance of a mechanical energy harvester integrating vertical ZnO piezoelectric nanowires. Additional simulations were carried out to account more realistically for device geometry. The authors discuss the prospects of such an approach, based on design and material improvement.

摘要：Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, causing debilitating pain and loss of mobility. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of AS, from the pathophysiological changes that occur as the disease progresses, to genetic factors that are involved with its onset. Considering the high prevalence in the population, and the debilitating life changes that occur as a result of the disease, a strong emphasis is placed on the diagnostic imaging methods that are used to detect this condition, as well as several treatment methods that could improve the health of individuals diagnosed with AS.