摘要：This paper combines the theory of teams and data envelopment analysis（DEA） to design a mechanism to optimally allocate resources in public healthcare. A statutory authority and the public hospitals under its governance are interpreted as a team, the members of which seek to operate efficiently under the shared institutional constraint that public healthcare is a public good. The individual public hospital exploits DEA to maximize own-payoff, subject to the team-condition that the payoff of each other public hospital does not fall and thereby subtract from the external effects created by the public supply of healthcare. The resulting team-DEA solution, which is shown to be both an individuallyefficient and team-satisficing equilibrium and to be computable in terms of a convergent algorithm, can then be applied by the authority to determine the optimal allocation of resources in public healthcare.A case based on Chinese data is presented to illustrate the team-DEA model＇s ready operationalization and computation.

摘要：Objective:This study aimed to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses and midwives who provided maternal health care services at Sidama region public hospitals,Hawassa,***:An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 269 nurses and midwives working in maternity wards in Sidama region public hospitals.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect *** and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with nurses’and midwives’perceptions of caring ***:Totally 261 nurses and midwives participated the *** on the mean score,participants’perception of caring behavior was classified as higher and *** to this study,75.1%(196/261)of nurses and midwives demonstrated a higher perception of caring ***’age,professional satisfaction,personal satisfaction,midwife/nurse-doctor relationship and workload were significantly associated with their perception of caring ***:Assessing the nurses’and midwives’perception of caring behavior and related factors is crucial for providing high-quality nursing and midwifery *** is suggested to create a positive and conducive caring behavior in the organization by reducing excessive workload of nurses and midwives,as well as enhancing nurse/midwife-doctor relationship,and increasing their job satisfaction by providing recognition and reward will improve nurses’and midwives’caring behavior.

摘要：Background:The nanotechnology boom and the ability to manufacture novel nanomaterials have led to increased production and use of engineered nanoparticles(ENPs).However,the increased use of various ENPs inevitably results in their release in or the contamination of the environment,which poses significant threats to human *** recent years,extraordinary economic and societal benefits of nanoproducts as well as their potential risks have been observed and widely *** estimate whether ENPs are safe from the onset of their manufacturing to their disposal,evaluation of the toxicological effects of ENPs on human exposure,especially on more sensitive and vulnerable sectors of the population(infants and children)is *** sources:Papers were obtained from PubMed,Web of Science,and Google *** search words included:"nanoparticles","infants","children","exposure","toxicity",and all relevant ***:A brief overview was conducted to 1)characterize potential exposure routes of ENPs for infants and children;2)describe the vulnerability and particular needs of infants and children about ENPs exposure;3)investigate the current knowledge about the potential health hazards of ENPs;and 4)provide suggestions for future research and regulations in ENP ***:As the manufacturing and use of ENPs become more widespread,directed and focused studies are necessary to measure actual exposure levels and to determine adverse health consequences in infants and children.

摘要：A post-marketing study is an integral part of research that helps to ensure a favorable risk-benefit profile for approved drugs used in the market. Because most of post-marketing studies use observational designs, which are liable to confounding, estimation of the causal effect of a drug versus a comparative one is very challenging. This article focuses on methodological issues of importance in designing and analyzing studies to evaluate the safety of marketed drugs, especially marketed traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） products. Advantages and limitations of the current designs and analytic methods for postmarketing studies are discussed, and recommendations are given for improving the validity of postmarketing studies in TCM products.

摘要：In modern terminology,“organoids”refer to cells that grow in a specific three-dimensional(3D)environment in vitro,sharing similar structures with their source organs or *** themorphology or growth characteristics of organoids through a microscope is a commonly used method of organoid ***,it is difficult,time-consuming,and inaccurate to screen and analyze organoids only manually,a problem which cannot be easily solved with traditional *** intelligence(AI)technology has proven to be effective in many biological and medical research fields,especially in the analysis of single-cell or hematoxylin/eosin stained tissue *** used to analyze organoids,AI should also provide more efficient,quantitative,accurate,and fast *** this review,we will first briefly outline the application areas of organoids and then discuss the shortcomings of traditional organoid measurement and analysis ***,we will summarize the development from machine learning to deep learning and the advantages of the latter,and then describe how to utilize a convolutional neural network to solve the challenges in organoid observation and ***,we will discuss the limitations of current AI used in organoid research,as well as opportunities and future research directions.

摘要：A new method for the comparison of the treatment efficacy for specific diseases or conditions between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, which serve the same medical aim but are based on substantially different theoretical systems, was identified. Abiding by the principle of parallel subgroup design of a randomized controlled trial （PSD-RCT）, participants were recruited following identical inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into two groups to receive treatment using the respective approaches of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. The Chinese medicine group was divided into subgroups according to the theory of Chinese medicine and the Western medicine group was also divided into subgroups according to the theory of Western medicine. The treatment for each subgroup was well defined in the protocol, including major formulae and principles for individualized modifications. The primary outcome measure was ascertained to be directly related to the patients＇ status but independent from both theories of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, while the secondary outcomes were represented by the patient-reported outcomes and some laboratory tests commonly accepted by Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Then, taking functional dyspepsia as an example, the authors explain the framework of the PSD-RCT for efficacy comparisons between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and recommend that the PSD-RCT can be used to compare treatment efficacy for a specific disease or condition between Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and the comparison among subgroups can provide valuable clues for further studies.

摘要：目的研究针对脑卒中患者及其家属的家庭干预方案的有效性。方法采用整群随机对照试验设计。2021年10月至2022年6月在泰国中部猜纳省抽取6个地区,分为实验组(3个地区)和对照组(3个地区),各招募了31个家庭,即31例新发脑卒中患者及家属(家庭照顾者和家庭成员)。以纽曼系统模型为框架,构建包含压力评估和基于家庭干预措施的脑卒中患者家庭干预方案。实验组实施脑卒中患者家庭干预方案,对照组接受常规护理。在基线、4周和12周后,分别对脑卒中后患者的功能状态、抑郁和并发症,家庭照顾者的护理负担和压力,以及家庭照顾者和家庭成员的家庭功能进行了评估。统计方法采用描述性统计、χ^(2)检验和重复测量方差分析等。结果实施家庭干预方案12周后,与对照组相比,脑卒中患者的功能状态改善,抑郁症状减轻,照顾者负担和压力减轻,家庭功能改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组有3例患者出现并发症,对照组有7例出现并发症。结论基于纽曼系统模型构建的脑卒中患者家庭干预方案对于改善泰国社区脑卒中患者状况、减轻家庭照顾者负担及改善其家庭功能有重要作用。可考虑延长该干预方案的持续时间,并评估其持续效果。

摘要：目的比较针刺董氏奇穴和中医传统穴位治疗泰国老年慢性腰痛(CLBP)患者的疗效。方法采用单盲、随机对照试验设计,纳入84名慢性腰痛老年患者。所有患者被随机分为两组,一组接受董氏奇穴针刺治疗,另一组接受传统中医(TCM)穴位针刺治疗。每次治疗30 min,连续治疗7 d。治疗前后进行数字评定量表(NRS)评分、背部活动度(BROM)及背部力量的测量和比较。结果与同组治疗前比较,治疗后两组NRS评分降低,BROM增加(P0.05),而两组BROM在后伸(P<0.01)和左侧屈(P<0.05)方面的差异有统计学意义。结论针刺董氏奇穴在降低腰部疼痛NRS评分,增加腰部力量,以及增加腰前屈及右侧屈活动度方面与针刺TCM穴位的效果相当.针刺传统穴位在增加腰后伸及左侧屈活动度方面效果更佳;针刺董氏奇穴适合老年CLBP患者,应得到支持推广。

摘要：Objective:Mental disorders of the elderly population in China deserve *** health is significantly associated with *** study aimed to evaluate the rate of depressive symptoms and to test the relationships between social health and depressive symptoms among a large sample of community-dwelling elderly ***:We conducted a cross-sectional study among community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or above in Zhejiang Province,***-to-face interviews were used to complete a structured questionnaire for all *** used the Social health Scale for the Elderly(SHSE)to evaluate social health status and used the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale to evaluate depressive *** logistic regression was used to evaluate the asso?ciation between social health status and depressive ***:Of the total of 3757 participants included,1887(50.23%)were female,and the mean±standard deviation(SD)age was(70.0±8.3)*** rate of depressive symptoms was 25.92%.The social health score was higher in non?depressed participants than in depressed participants(raw score 50.7 vs.48.3,P<0.001).Participants with"moderate”or"good”social health had a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those with“poor"social health(odds ratio(OR)=0.55,95%con fide nee interval(Cl):0.46-0.66 for moderate social health;OR=0.45,95%Cl:0.35-0.60 for good social health).The association between social health and depressive symptoms was con sistent across several *** clusi ons:Social health is signify cantly inversely associated with depressive *** SHSE may serve as an efficient screener to identify those elderly adults with social health deficits,but systematic assessment to guide intervention merits further investigation.

摘要：实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。