摘要：Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is a progressive disease characterized by adipose and fibrous replacement of the *** elevated testosterone levels have been implicated in the pathological process of ARVC,its exact contribution to cardiac fibrosis in ARVC remains *** this study,we analyzed the potential contribution of gender-based differences on the distribution of the low-voltage area in an ARVC cohort undergoing an electrophysiological study,which was indicated by feature ***,we established engineered cardiac spheroid models in vitro using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes(iPSC-CMs)and iPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts(icFBs).We elucidated the pathogenicity of abnormal splicing in the plakophilin-2(PKP2)gene caused by an intronic ***,pathogenic validation of the desmoglein-2(DSG2)point mutation further confirms the reliability of the ***,testosterone exacerbated the DNA damage in the mutated cardiomyocytes and further activated myofibroblasts in a chain *** conclusion,we designed and constructed an in vitro three-dimensionally-engineered cardiac spheroid model of ARVC based on clinical findings and provided direct evidence of the fibrotic role of testosterone in ARVC.

摘要：Dear Editor,We read with great interest the article by Tan et ***“Accelerated fracture healing by osteogenic Ti45Nb implants through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway”[1].This research thoroughly examines the bone-forming capabilities of the Ti45Nb *** in vitro studies revealed that the Ti45Nb alloy enhances the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells more effectively than Ti6Al4V alloy controls,showing no noticeable cytotoxic effects.

摘要：For most organisms,molecular oxygen is indispensable for normal physiological metabolism;in humans,prolonged hypoxia in tissues can induce many diseases,exemplified by cardiovascular disease,chronic wounds,and tissue ***,the oxygen in our environment is vital for *** a main source of oxygen in the natural world that transforms light energy into chemical energy and oxygen,photosynthesis has been widely studied in scientific research and used in production of food,fuel,and *** recent years,photosynthesis has become more closely involved in biomedicine and has been widely used in photodynamic therapy,tissue regeneration,transplantation,and in treatment of specific *** review summarizes innovative applications of photosynthesis in biomedical research and highlights the theory and implications of clinical treatment for specific diseases.

摘要：For much of the twentieth century, surgery was frequently the solution for peptic ulcer disease. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of ulcers paralleled the development of potent pharmaceutical therapy. As the surgical world developed parietal cell vagotomy which would minimize the complications of surgery, patients failing medical therapy became rare. Emergent surgery for complicated peptic ulcers has not declined however. The development of proton pump inhibitors and the full understanding of the impact of H pylori has led to a trend towards minimalism in surgical therapy for complicated peptic ulcer disease. In addition to the changes in patient care, these developments have had an impact on the training of surgeons. This article outlines these trends and developments.

摘要：Enterocutaneous fistulas(ECFs) are great challenges during the open abdomen. The loss of digestive juice, water-electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition are intractable issues during management of ECF. Techniques such as "fistula patch" and vacuumassisted closure therapy have been applied to prevent contamination of open abdominal wounds by intestinal fistula drainage. However, failures are encountered due to high-output fistula and anatomical complexity. Here, we report 3 D-printed patient-personalized fistula stent for ECF treatment based on 3 D reconstruction of the fistula image. Subsequent follow-up demonstrated that this stent was well-implanted and effective to reduce the volume of enteric fistula effluent.

摘要：Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past *** treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum ***,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient *** has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with *** article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.

摘要：Novel histone deacetylase （HDAC） inhibitors 9a-1 were designed and synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of salicylic acid （SA） with N-hydroxycinnamamides through various alkylol amines, and their in vitro biological activities were evaluated. The N-hydroxycinnamamide/SA hybrids 9b-f and 9h showed good to moderate anti-tumor activities. Notably, compound 9e had a greater potency, comparable to vorinostat （SAHA）, in human colon carcinoma cells, which was probably, or at least partially, attributable to the positive effects of the chain length noted in allojlol amines. Furthermore, the HDAC inhibitory activities of 9e against Hela cell nuclear were also similar to that of vorinostat （SAHA）, while the tested compounds 9c-f did not exhibit any isoform selectivity in the inhibition of HDACs. In addition, compound 9e could selectively inhibit tumor cells, but not inhibit non-tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Our findings suggest that the N-hydroxycinnamamide/SA hybrids may hold significant promise as therapeutic a^ents for the intervention of human cancers.

摘要：Cholelithiasis, one of the most common medical conditions leading to surgical intervention, affects approximately 10 % of the adult population in the United States. Choledocholithiasis develops in about 10%-20% of patients with gallbladder stones and the literature suggests that at least 3%-10% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy will have common bile duct （CBD） stones. CBD stones may be discovered preoperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively Multiple modalities are available for assessing patients for choledocholithiasis including laboratory tests, ultrasound, computed tomography scans （CT）, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography （MRCP）. Intraoperative cholangiography during cholecystectomy can be used routinely or selectively to diagnose CBD stones. The most common intervention for CBD stones is ERCP. Other commonly used interventions include intraoperative bile duct exploration, either laparoscopic or open. Percutaneous, transhepatic stone removal other novel techniques of biliary clearance have been devised. The availability, of equipment and skilled practitioners who are facile with these techniques varies among institutions. The timing of the intervention is olden dictated by the clinical situation.

摘要：β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is a promising orthonaphthoquinone drug for cancer treatment and has been inclinical trials. Its application is constrained by the low aqueoussolubility, and severe side effects. Even prodrug designation isan effective approach to render it with tumor selectivity, it islimited by the lack of modifiable groups on β-Lap. Herein, anovel azo bond primary cleavage and carbon–carbon (C–C)bond secondary cleavage-based polymeric β-Lap prodrug(Azo-Lap NP) is designed, in which the self-immolated paraaminobenzyl linker is connected to poly(L-glutamic acid)(PGlu) via azo linkage and the responsive drug release of β-Lapagainst tumors can be achieved under high NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) expression and low pH environmentin tumors. The effective covalent loading of β-Lap by Azo-LapNPs permitted a high administration dose of β-Lap and enabled significant tumor retention time. Moreover, Azo-LapNPs markedly reduced the side effects of β-Lap by avoidinghemolysis and the production of methemoglobin. The safety ofAzo-Lap NPs administration is validated in the antitumorexperiment of mice. In the 4T1 model, Azo-Lap NPs exhibiteda markedly higher tumor suppression rate than β-Lap. Thiswork provides an effective and safe polymeric prodrug fortumor selective delivery of β-Lap.

摘要：Irregular craniofacial bone defects caused by craniofacial fractures always result in craniofacial bone and contour asymmetry and should therefore be ***(PEEK)is an ideal substitute for autologous bone grafts and has been widely used in craniofacial bone defect *** precise design of custom-made PEEK implants is particularly important to optimise ***,the workflow and principles for the design and manufacture of PEEK implants are summarised,and a protocol for the precise design of an irregular craniofacial bone defect PEEK implant is *** to the method and principles,the design flow was efficient and could be standardised,and design errors could be avoided as much as possible.