摘要：人工智能与机器人技术的融合,使智能机器人的应用范围从工业制造领域扩展到日常生活和医疗健康等领域.目前,智能机器人除了视觉、听觉和嗅觉等感知外,还需具备触觉反馈的感知能力才能在复杂的环境中帮助人类完成更精细的任务.本文基于触觉感知阵列模块、多通道数据采集和信息处理芯片以及闭环反馈控制模块,构建了集成智能触觉系统(IITS),实现了机器人手或假肢手对轻柔物体灵活可控抓握.通过设定适当的压力阈值,机器人手在抓取物体的过程中,一旦触觉感知阵列上的抓握值达到设定阈值,则会停止抓握,进而实现一个闭环反馈的可控抓指令.实验证明,集成有IITS的机器人可以灵活抓取气球、纸杯、软饼、活蚕等各种物体,该智能系统在假肢、服务型机器人和深海探索机器人的设计方面具有重要的潜在应用价值.

摘要：Patterning ultrathin MoS2 layers with regular edges or controllable shapes is appealing since the properties of MoS2 sheets are sensitive to the edge structures. In this work, we have introduced a simple, effective and well-controlled technique to etch layered MoS2 sheets with well-oriented equilateral triangular pits by simply heating the samples in air. The anisotropic oxidative etching is greatly affected by the surrounding temperature and the number of MoS2 layers, whereby the pit sizes increase with the increase of surrounding temperature and the number of MoS2 layers. First-principles computations have been performed to explain the formation mechanism of the triangular pits. This technique offers an alternative avenue to engineering the structure of MoS2 sheets.

摘要：In the past few decades,we have seen the rapid development of bioactive materials which can repair damaged tissues and save human ***,researchers have sought to develop bioactive materials with unique physical and chemical properties,such as stiffness,functional groups,nanotopographies and stimulus-responsive properties,to promote tissue regeneration at the biointerface.

摘要：Layered lithium manganese-rich oxides are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),due to the low-cost,abundant manganese source,and large theoretical ***,these layered lithium manganese-rich oxides,e.g.,monoclinic-LiMn0_(2),suffer from poor cycle performance and rate performance because of fast structural degradation with the irreversible layered-to-spinel phase transition and sluggish electrode kinetics during cycling[1,2].

摘要：Rapid technological development and population growth are responsible for a series of imminent environmental problems and an ineluctable energy *** application of semiconductor nanomaterials in photocatalysis or photoelectrocatalysis(PEC)for either the degradation of contaminants in the environment or the generation of hydrogen as clean fuel is an effective approach to alleviate these ***,the efficiency of such processes remains suboptimal for real *** construction of a built-in electric field is considered to efficiently enhance carrier separation and reduce carrier recombination to improve catalytic *** the past decade,as a new method to enhance the built-in electric field,the piezoelectric effect from piezoelectric materials has been extensively *** this review,we provide an overview of the properties of piezoelectric materials and the mechanisms of piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity for a built-in electric ***,piezoelectric and ferroelectric polarization regulated built-in electric fields that mediate catalysis are ***,the applications of piezoelectric semiconductor materials are also highlighted,including degradation of pollutants,bacteria disinfection,water splitting for H2 generation,and organic *** conclude by discussing the challenges in the field and the exciting opportunities to further improve piezo-catalytic efficiency.

摘要：The binding energy and generalized stacking-fault energy (GSFE) are two critical interface properties of two dimensional layered materials, and it is still unclear how neighboring layers affect the interface energy of adjacent layers. Here, we investigate the effect of neighboring layers by comparing the differences of binding energy and GSFE between trilayer heterostructures (graphene/graphene/graphene, graphene/graphene/boron nitride,boron nitride/graphene/boron nitride) and bilayer heterostructures (graphene/graphene,graphene/boron nitride) using density functional theory. The binding energy of the adjacent layers changes from -2.3% to 22.55% due to the effect of neighboring layer, with a very small change of the interlayer distance. Neighboring layers also make a change from -2% to 10% change the GSFE, depending on the property of the interface between adjacent layers. In addition, a new simple expression is proven to describe the GSFE landscape of graphene-like structure with high accuracy.

摘要：Increasing the density and thickness of electrodes is required to maximize the volumetric energy density of lithium-ion batteries for practical ***,dense and thick electrodes,especially highmass-content(>50 wt%) silicon anodes,have poor mechanical stability due to the presence of a large number of unstable interfaces between the silicon and conducting components during *** we report a network of mechanically robust carbon cages produced by the capillary shrinkage of graphene hydrogels that can contain the silicon nanoparticles in the cages and stabilize the silicon/carbon *** situ transmission electron microscope characterizations including compression and tearing of the structure and lithiation-induced silicon expansion experiments,have provided insight into the excellent confinement and buffering ability of this interface-strengthened graphene-caged silicon nanoparticle anode ***,a dense and thick silicon anode with reduced thickness fluctuations has been shown to deliver both high volumetric(>1000 mAh cm^-3) and areal(>6 mAh cm^-2)capacities together with excellent cycling capability.

摘要：将不同金属元素通过合金化形成二维材料(金属烯)对基础研究和纳米电子器件的实际应用具有重要意义,但目前鲜有金属烯材料是具有本征带隙的半导体.受离子晶体成键特征的启发,通过结构搜索、成键分析和高通量第一性原理计算,本文从2500多个双金属烯中筛选出一系列具有晶格动力学稳定和碱金属-金离子键的二维碱金属金化物双金属烯半导体.由于碱金属和金之间的大电负性差,其中32个碱金属金化物双金属烯是带隙范围为0.97~5.20 eV的半导体材料,而锂金双金属烯由于电负性差减小呈现出金属性.Bohn-Oppenheimer分子动力学模拟表明19个双金属烯在室温下结构稳定有利于实际应用.这项研究为设计双金属烯半导体提供了指导,并揭示了二维金属合金中成键行为和电子结构性质间的关联.

摘要：Metal–organic framework(MOF)membranes hold great promise in energy-efficient chemical *** outstanding challenges of the microstructural design stem from(1)thinning of membranes to immensely reduce the mass-transfer resistance(for high permeances);(2)tuning of orientation to optimize the selective transport of gas molecules,and(3)reinforcement of intercrystalline structure to subside leakage through defective gaps(for high selectivity).Here,we propose the ZIF-L membrane that is completely confined into the voids of the alumina support through an interfacial assembly process,producing an appealing membrane-interlocked-support(MIS)composite architecture that meets the requirements of the microstructural design of MOF ***,the membranes show average H2 permeances of above 4000 GPU and H_(2)/CO_(2) separation factor(SF)of above 200,representing record-high separation performances of ZIF-L membranes and falling into the industrial target zone(H_(2) permeance>1000 GPU and H_(2)/CO_(2) SF>60).Furthermore,the ZIF-L membrane possessing the MIS composite architecture that is established with alumina particles as scaffolds shows mechanical stability,scraped repeatedly by a piece of silicon rubber causing no selectivity loss.

摘要：Synergistic optimization of donor-acceptor blend morphologyis a hurdle in the path of realizing efficient non-fullerene small-molecule organic solar cells(NFSMOSCs)due to the anisotropic conjugated backbones of both donor and ***,developing a facile molecular design strategy to effectively regulate the crystalline properties of photoactive materials,and thus,enable the optimization of blend morphology is of vital *** this study,a new donor molecule B1,comprising phenyl-substituted benzodithiophene(BDT)central unit,exhibits strong interaction with the non-fullerene acceptor BO-4 Cl in comparison with its corresponding thiophene-substituted BDT-based material,*** a result,the B1 is affected and induced from an edgeon to a face-on orientation by the acceptor,while the BTR and the acceptor behave individually for the similar molecular orientation in pristine and blend films according to grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering *** means the donor-acceptor blend morphology is synergistically optimized in the B1 system,and the B1:BO-4 Cl-based devices achieve an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 15.3%,further certified to be 15.1%by the National Institute of Metrology,*** results demonstrate a simple and effective strategy to improve the crystalline properties of the donor molecule as well as synergistically optimize the morphology of the all-small-molecule system,leading to the high-performance NFSM-OSCs.