摘要：具有电化学变色功能的柔性电池在智能电子领域显示出巨大的应用潜力.然而,具有可视化电量预警功能的镍锌电池目前尚未见报道.在此,我们设计了一种用于柔性镍锌电池的电致变色镍钴氢氧化物/镍/氧化铟锡(NiCo BH/Ni/ITO)柔性电极.通过优化Ni层厚度,电极在电流密度为0.1 mA cm^(-2)时,着色效率为59.89 cm^(2)C^(-1),容量为7.15μA h cm^(-2).相应组装的电致变色镍锌电池功率密度为160μW cm^(-2)时,能量密度为12.69μW h cm^(-2),优于部分文献报道的透明柔性超级电容器和电致变色电池.值得注意的是,组装的镍锌电池在充放电过程中显示出可逆的颜色变化,提供了一种可视化监测电池剩余电量的新功能.

摘要：Co_(2)VO_(4) with Co tetrahedrons and octahedrons of transition metal oxides has achieved progress in electrocatalysts and ***,high metal-metal interactions make it challenging to maintain high reactivity as well as increase the conductivity and stability of *** this work,spinel-structured CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4) with a high specific surface area was synthesized through an ion-exchange process from the metal-organic frameworks of *** functional theory calculations indicate that the replacement of transition metal by Zn can decrease the interaction between the transition metals,leading to a downshift in the π^(∗)-orbitals(V-O)and half-filled a_(1g) orbitals near the Fermi level,thus increasing the conductivity and stability of CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4).As a supercapacitor electrode,CoZn_(0.5)V_(1.5)O_(4) exhibits high cycling durability(99.4% capacitance retention after 18,000 cycles)and specific capacitance(1100mFcm^(-2) at 1mAcm^(-2)).This work provides the possibility of designing octahedral and tetrahedral sites in transition metal oxides to improve their electrochemical performance.

摘要：双面钙钛矿太阳能电池能够充分利用环境的反射和散射光,从而提高光伏电站的能量产量,并为建筑-光伏一体化提供更出色的美学设计,然而,双面电池的潜力不仅限于这些传统应用,它还可以作为子组件用于构建叠层电池,或与光子工程材料相结合,实现单结电池的全光谱能量利用.本综述从双面钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构入手,主要介绍了其在反射利用、半透明电池和叠层电池等方面的潜在应用,同时指出了目前面临的一些挑战,如稳定性、大面积制备、背电极载流子复合和铅毒性等问题.此外,通过详细介绍双面钙钛矿太阳能电池的设计策略和应用场景,本综述展示了光伏器件采用双面结构后所带来的巨大优势,引领了通过双面结构来提升单结性能的研究方向,为钙钛矿光伏产业化开辟了新的发展路径.

摘要：The polarization switching plays a crucial role in controlling the final products in the catalytic *** effect of polarization orientation on nitrogen reduction was investigated by anchoring transition metal atoms to form active centers on ferroelectric material In_(2)Se_(3).During the polariza-tion switching process,the difference in surface electrostatic potential leads to a redistribution of electronic *** affects the interaction strength between the adsorbed small molecules and the catalyst substrate,thereby altering the reaction *** addition,the surface states must be considered to prevent the adsorption of other small molecules(such as *O,*OH,and *H).Further-more,the V@↓-In_(2)Se_(3) possesses excellent catalytic properties,high electrochemical and thermody-namic stability,which facilitates the catalytic *** learning also helps us further ex-plore the underlying *** systematic investigation provides novel insights into the design and application of two-dimensional switchable ferroelectric catalysts for various chemical processes.

摘要：Layered lithium manganese-rich oxides are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),due to the low-cost,abundant manganese source,and large theoretical ***,these layered lithium manganese-rich oxides,e.g.,monoclinic-LiMn0_(2),suffer from poor cycle performance and rate performance because of fast structural degradation with the irreversible layered-to-spinel phase transition and sluggish electrode kinetics during cycling[1,2].

摘要：Starch has a wide range of sources and can be used as a high-quality precursor for sodium-ion battery anode ***,the carbonization yield and specific capacity of carbon materials obtained by directly pyrolyzing starch are ***,starch is used as the carbon source,and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)is used as the cross-linking agent and dopant to prepare a nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped porous carbon(NPPC).As the anode for sodium-ion batteries,NPPC-2 exhibits a high reversible capacity of 385.8 mAhg^(-1)at 50 mAg^(-1).Even after 1000 cycles at a large current density of 5 Ag^(-1),the reversible capacity can still be maintained at 126.9 mAhg^(-1).Based on detailed data and first-principles calculations,the excellent performance of NPPC is due to the effective doping of nitrogen and phosphorus elements,which distorts the graphite sheet,introduces defects,and increases the graphite layer spacing,thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of the carbon material for sodium ions,reducing the diffusion barrier of sodium *** work provides a new idea for heteroatom doping and carbon material modification.

摘要：The superconducting cyclotron SC200 is intended to generate a 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for future particle therapy. The internal hot-cathode-type Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ion source for the SC200 is designed for the generation of hydrogen ions. A brief description of the design of ion source and test bench, which are used in SC200, is given in this paper. The ion source has been verified on the test bench, and the results indicated that the designed ion source meets the expected requirements. The lifetime of the filament exceeded 100 h in the test. In addition, the extraction voltage and the gas flow that influence the extracted ion current intensity have been tested in the experiment.

摘要：通过原子制造技术构建独特的纳米尺度结构可能是改善金属玻璃(MG)薄膜机械性能的有效途径.在此,我们使用脉冲激光沉积作为原子制造策略,制备了一种Ta基金属玻璃.TaNi MG具有小尺寸纳米晶体(1-4纳米)弥散在非晶基体上的双相纳米结构,因此在压缩过程中表现出7.99 GPa的超高屈服强度和15.87 GPa的高硬度,并伴有80%的大塑性.纳米晶体和MG基体之间的相互作用,导致了多个剪切带的形成,从而贡献了高塑性和强度.研究发现,原子制造方法有利于直接调控薄膜材料的微观结构和微观构型,并进一步优化其性能.这项工作为通过原子尺度的结构设计来打破金属材料的强度-塑性权衡提供了一个实用的方法.

摘要：Biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was synthesized using mechanical alloying where a statistical model was developed using fractional factorial design to predict elastic modulus and mass loss of the bulk *** effects of mechanical alloying parameters(i.e.,milling time,milling speed,ball-to-powder mass ratio and Zn content)and their interactions were investigated involving 4 numerical factors with 2 replicates,thus 16 runs of two-level fractional factorial *** of analysis of variance(ANOVA),regression analysis and R2 test indicated good accuracy of the *** statistical model determined that the elastic modulus of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy was between 40.18 and 47.88 GPa,which was improved and resembled that of natural bone(30-57 GPa).Corrosion resistance(mass loss of pure Mg,33.74 mg)was enhanced with addition of 3%-10%Zn(between 9.32 and 15.38 mg).The most significant independent variable was Zn content,and only the interaction of milling time and ball-to-powder mass ratio was significant as P-value was less than ***,mechanical properties(represented by elastic modulus)and corrosion resistance(represented by mass loss)of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy can be statistically predicted according to the developed models.

摘要：Short-range ordering(SRO)is one of the most important structural features of high entropy alloys(HEAs).However,the chemical and structural analyses of SROs are very difficult due to their small size,complexed compositions,and varied *** electron microscopy(TEM)as well as its aberration correction techniques are powerful for characterizing SROs in these compositionally complex *** this short communication,we summarized recent progresses regarding characterization of SROs using TEM in the field of *** using advanced TEM techniques,not only the existence of SROs was confirmed,but also the effect of SROs on the deformation mechanism was ***,the perspective related to application of TEM techniques in HEAs are also discussed.