摘要：The spinodal decomposition method emerges as a promising methodology,showcasing its potential in exploring the design space for metamaterial ***,spinodal structures design is still largely limited to regular structures,due to their relatively easy parameterization and *** predicting the mechanical properties of 3D spinodal membrane structure remains a challenge,given that the features of the membrane necessitate adaptive mesh through the modelling *** paper proposes an integrated approach for morphological design with customized mechanical properties,incorporating the spinodal decomposition method and adaptive coarse-grained modeling,which can produce various morphologies such as lamellar,columnar,and cubic ***-periodic parameterβand orientational parameterΘ(θ_(1),θ_(2),θ_(3))are identified to achieve the optimal goal of anisotropic mechanical *** analysis is conducted to reveal the correlation between the customized spinodal structure and mechanical *** work provides an integrated approach for morphological variation and tuning mechanical properties,paving the way for the design and development of customized functional materials similar to 3D spinodal membrane structures.

摘要：近年来,光催化产氢与有机物氧化的偶联反应备受关注,如何设计高效双功能光催化剂实现偶联反应成为研究重点.在众多光催化剂中,ZnIn_(2)S_(4)以其优异的可见光吸收能力、本征的极化电场以及较强的氧化还原能力成为双功能催化剂的热点备选材料.然而,电子空穴分离效率低以及光生电子空穴复合率高的问题限制了ZnIn_(2)S_(4)光电转化效率的进一步提高.针对这一问题,我们采用了具有较高导电性和独特结构的金属相1T-MoS_(2)作为助催化剂与花状ZnIn_(2)S_(4)复合形成“海胆状”的1T-MoS_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4)欧姆结复合材料.理论计算结合XPS数据揭示了欧姆结与内建电场的形成,一系列光谱表征表明由欧姆结所形成的强内建电场促进了ZnIn_(2)S_(4)体内光生电子快速向1T-MoS_(2)转移,同时活性测试与EPR表征证明了苯甲醇的氧化反应可以作为光生空穴的有效捕获剂.最终,1T-MoS_(2)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4)复合光催化剂实现了4.6倍光催化性能的提高,420 nm波长下表光量子效率达6.75%.本项工作通过精确调节电荷转移机制,实现了ZnIn_(2)S_(4)双功能催化剂光电效率的进一步提高,为光催化剂载流子调控设计提供了新思路.

摘要：对柔性电子设备日益增长的需求使得开发具有高灵敏度和高线性度的传感器更加迫切.由于拉伸应变下不可逆结构损伤诱导电阻线性急剧增加,现有的可拉伸应变传感器难以完美地同时实现这两个特性.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种兼具表面褶皱和体相梯度孔隙的新型分级互连结构,利用水热活化机制精确控制纳米级褶皱间距,通过调控相分离中热力学和动力学行为构筑出体相梯度多孔结构,通过改变器件两侧曲率实现各向异性特征,深入研究各种设计的功效、量化几何结构对灵敏度的有效贡献和追踪形态演变.基于器件显著的灵敏度和各向异性,所制备的传感器能够有效监测静态和动态位移、表面运动、二维应变信号变化以及预测液位随时间变化.本工作为实现高质量的感知能力提供了一种广泛适用、适应性强、可扩展且具有成本效益的方法.

摘要：The conversion and storage of photothermal energy using phase change materials(PCMs)represent an optimal approach for harnessing clean and sustainable solar ***,we encapsulated polyethylene glycol(PEG)in montmorillonite aerogels(3D-Mt)through vacuum impregnation to prepare 3D-Mt/PEG composite *** used as a support matrix,3D-Mt can effectively prevent PEG leakage and act as a flame-retardant barrier to reduce the flammability of ***,3D-Mt/PEG demonstrates outstanding shape retention,increased thermal energy storage density,and commendable thermal and chemical *** phase transition enthalpy of 3D-Mt/PEG can reach 167.53 J/g and remains stable even after 50 heating-cooling ***,the vertical sheet-like structure of 3D-Mt establishes directional heat transport channels,facilitating efficient phonon *** configuration results in highly anisotropic thermal conductivities that ensure swift thermal responses and efficient heat *** study addresses the shortcomings of PCMs,including the issues of leakage and inadequate flame *** achieves the development and design of 3D-Mt/PEG with ultrahigh strength,superior flame retardancy,and directional heat ***,this work offers a design strategy for the preparation of high-performance composite *** 3D-Mt/PEG with vertically aligned and well-ordered array structure developed in this research shows great potential for thermal management and photothermal conversion applications.

摘要：近红外(NIR)光驱动水分解产生氢气(H_(2))一直以来都是光催化领域备受关注的问题,但由于其动力学和热力学方面的缺陷,迄今为止仍是一项艰巨的挑战.为了突破这一限制,我们通过简便的水热法设计出了富含硫空位的无贵金属二维(2D)ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基光催化剂,并首次使用单组分ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基材料实现了波长大于800 nm的近红外驱动制氢性能.根据价带光谱、紫外-可见-近红外DRS光谱、稳态PL光谱、瞬态光电流响应和EPR表征,我们揭示了存在一个高效的Urbach带尾吸收用于捕获近红外光.硫空位在ZnIn_(2)S_(4)纳米片中的成功构建不仅扩展了光谱吸收范围,而且具有出色的载流子扩散特性和丰富的活性位点.因此,我们的研究结果可能会为未来开发近红外响应的ZnIn_(2)S_(4)-基光催化剂用于实现高效近红外驱动制氢提供一定的指导.

摘要：非化学计量的氧化硅(SiO_(x),0<x<2)是一种很有前途的锂电池负极材料.然而,它的本征电导率低,体积膨胀明显.特别是,由于连续的电解液消耗,很难形成稳定的固体电解质界面.本工作将空心氧化硅微球包裹在钴碳(Co-C)骨架及其衍生的氮掺杂碳纳米管网络(N-CNTs)中.这种设计解决了电解液消耗和SEI层重复形成的问题,并实现了快速动力学.此外,所制备材料的柔性碳纳米管和坚固金属-碳框架提供力学支撑,可以适应SiO_(x)体积变化.h-SiO_(x)@Co@N-CNTs作为锂离子电池负极材料,具有优异的循环稳定性和高倍率性能.以0.2 A g^(-1)的电流密度循环370次,容量为701 mAh g^(-1),容量保持率为100%.另外,在1.0 A g^(-1)电流密度下循环500圈,容量没有衰减.结果表明,所合成的锂离子电池结构具有一定的优越性,对材料的优化也有一定的启发作用.

摘要：As social and economic dynamics continue to evolve and the demand for companionship increases,pet ownership has become an increasingly popular lifestyle *** parks,as a new form of urban public space,are gaining significant *** study,grounded in the theory of spatial justice,employs a combination of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to evaluate four representative pet parks in Hong Kong,*** explores how pet parks,as inclusive green infrastructure in high-density environments,contribute to urban community well-being and broader spatial *** study reveals the conflicts between pet owners and non-pet owners regarding the rights to use public spaces,examining how to guarantee the spatial rights of specific groups while avoiding harm to *** findings indicate that green space availability,sociability and participation,walkability,safety,and flexibility in pet parks play a positive role in achieving urban spatial ***,pet parks also face challenges related to social exclusion and safety,requiring a balance between promoting community integration and ensuring public *** study offers valuable insights for the development of pet parks,the creation of vibrant and diverse public spaces,and the promotion of harmonious human-animal environments in cities across China and other Asian countries.

摘要：Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban *** initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public *** paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management *** functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding *** examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public *** has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional *** reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.

摘要：利用太阳能将CO_(2)光转化为化学燃料是前沿研究的热点.当前,科研的重点在于开发和优化各类光催化材料的性能.异质结构不仅用于增强无机半导体催化剂的活性,而且用于金属-有机框架(MOFs)光催化剂的构建.随着异质结技术的不断进步,新的相结概念应运而生.尽管关于无机半导体中的相结研究已取得一定进展,但是MOFs相结结构的探索尚处于起步阶段.本文中,我们成功设计并构建了一种具有卓越光催化CO_(2)还原性能的MOFs相结杂化材料.这种材料由具有高度连接性的卟啉配体(TCPP-Ni)与Zr6团簇紧密结合而成,在溶剂热反应条件下,PCN-222-Ni能够快速且均匀地成核.通过精准调控调节剂的用量,我们实现了同分异构体PCN-224-Ni在类似条件下较慢的晶体形成过程.最终制得的P@P杂化材料展现出高表面积、多孔性和卓越的结晶度.由于PCN-222-Ni和PCN-224-Ni之间的带隙匹配,光生载流子的分离和迁移得以促进,从而使P@P杂化材料展现出卓越的光还原CO_(2)性能.这一重大突破不仅标志着MOFs相结结构研究的重大进展,还拓宽了MOFs相结在CO_(2)光转化领域的应用前景.

摘要：由可见光驱动的将CO_(2)转化为高附加值燃料是一种清洁可再生的技术,有助于控制全球变暖和应对能源短缺.近年来,二维的金属偶氮盐框架(2D MAFs)因其特定的电子传输路径、高度暴露的表面活性位点及可调节的吸光能力,在CO_(2)光还原研究中备受关注.然而,对其在该领域的研究仍处于初级阶段.本文设计了一种新型二维MAFs(compound 1),通过四-(4-四唑基苯基)乙烯(H;4;TTPE)与钴的自组装实现了对CO_(2)的光还原.作为对比,通过类似的合成过程构建了具有三维结构的compound 2.非均相光催化实验结果显示,2D compound 1的光还原性能明显优于3D compound 2,在相同条件下,其CO产率高达11.56 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),是compound 2(1.94 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1))的6倍.这一性能优势源于compound 1独特的二维结构,其不仅具有有利于CO_(2)还原的能级,还能在整个CO_(2)光还原过程中促进电子-空穴高效分离.本工作为设计适用于高效CO_(2)光还原的2D MAFs光催化剂指引了方向.