摘要：Designing and fabricating highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting is a promising strategy to address energy and environmental *** sulfide(CdS)has received significant interest as a photocatalyst for visible‐light‐induced hydrogen(H2)***,the severe photocorrosion,high overpotential,rapid charge recombination,and sluggish surface reaction kinetics drastically hinder its practical application in water ***,uniform zinc cadmium sulfide(Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S)nanoparticles were anchored on ultrathin Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets via a facile solution‐phase approach to form an intimate two‐dimensional(2D)/zero‐dimensional(0D)*** visible light irradiation,the 7%Ni(OH)_(2)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S composite exhibited the highest H2 production rate of 6.87 mmol·h^(–1)·g^(–1)with an apparent quantum yield of 16.8%at 420 nm,which is almost 43 times higher than that of pristine Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S and considerably higher than that of the Pt/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S *** high photoactivity of the 2D/0D Ni(OH)_(2)/Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S heterojunction can be ascribed to its unique and robust structure,wherein the ultrathin Ni(OH)_(2)nanosheets not only provide an excellent platform for the incorporation of Zn_(0.5)Cd_(0.5)S nanoparticles but also serve as an effective cocatalyst to promote photoinduced electron transfer and offer more active sites for photocatalytic H_(2) *** work paves the way toward the development of versatile,low‐cost,and highly efficient 2D/0D heterojunction photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.

摘要：一般情况下,每年冬季是季节性流感高发季节,但在当前2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,全球季节性流感活动呈“断崖式”下降。为应对即将到来的流感季节,亟需弄清这种前所未有的流感低水平流行的原因。本文中,我们探索了一种国家特异性推理模型,利用该模型估计中国、英国和美国这三个国家中佩戴口罩、人员流动变化(国际和国内)以及严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)干扰的影响。结果发现,在这些地区增加一周佩戴口罩的干预措施,流感活动可减少11.3%~35.2%。实施一周的限制人员流动措施对国际(1.7%~6.5%)和国内社区(1.6%~2.8%)的影响较小。2020年至2021年,仅佩戴口罩这一项干预措施就可使阳性率下降13.3%至19.8%。仅人员流动变化可使阳性率降低5.2%至14.0%,其中79.8%~98.2%归因于国际旅行限制。SARS-CoV-2干扰仅在2019年至2020年具有统计学显著效应。中国北方地区及英国的阳性百分比分别降低7.6%(2.4~14.4)和10.2%(7.2~13.6)。探索所得出的结果对了解非药物干预措施和其他呼吸系统疾病背景下的流感演变有一定意义,有助于制定卫生政策,并可为公共卫生措施的个性化设计提供信息。

摘要：In contrast to the exploration of novel photocatalytic materials,vacancy engineering of traditionalphotocatalysts comprising earth‐abundant elements represents an effective method for enhancingphotocatalytic performance without introducing alien *** minireview analyzes the latestprogress in engineering vacancies in photocatalysts,remarks on state‐of‐the‐art characterizationtechniques for vacancies,and reviews the formation chemistry and fundamental benefits of anionand cation vacancies in typical *** knowledge of these vacancies is increasing,challenges remain in this field,and possible further research is therefore also discussed.

摘要：lmprovement of the charge separation of titanosilicate molecular sieves is critical to their use asphotocatalysts for oxidative organic *** this work,MFI TS-1 molecular sievenanosheets(TS-1 NS)were synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method using a tai-lored diquaternary ammonium surfactant as the structure-directing *** Ni^2+cationsat the ion-exchange sites of the TS-1 NS framework significantly enhanced its photoactivity in aero-bic alcohol *** optimized Ni cation-functionalized TS-1 NS(Ni/TS-1 NS)provide impres-sive photoactivity,with a benzyl alcohol(BA)conversion of 78.9%and benzyl aldehyde(BAD)se-lectivity of 98.8%using O as the only oxidant under full light irradiation;this BAD yield is approx-imately six times greater than that obtained for bulk TS-1,and is maintained for five *** ex-cellent photoactivity of Ni/TS-1 NS is attributed to the significantly enlarged surface area of thetwo-dimensional morphology TS-1 NS,extra mesopores,and greatly improved charge *** with bulk TS-1,Ni/TS-1 NS has a much shorter charge transfer ***-introduced Ni species could capture the photoelectrons to further improve the charge *** work opens the way to a class of highly selective,robust,and low-cost titanosilicate mo-lecular sieve-based photocatalysts with industrial potential for selective oxidative transformationsand pollutant degradation.

摘要：Harmful algal blooms(HABs) have led to extensive ecological and environmental issues and huge economic *** HAB control techniques have been developed,and biological methods have been paid more *** bacteria is a general designation for bacteria which inhibit algal growth in a direct or indirect manner,and kill or damage the algal cells.A metabolite which is strongly toxic to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense was produced by strain DH46 of the alga-lysing bacterium Alteromonas *** culture conditions were optimized using a single-factor test *** including carbon source,nitrogen source,temperature,initial pH value,rotational speed and salinity were *** results showed that the cultivation of the bacteria at 28℃ and 180 r min-1with initial pH 7 and 30 salt contcentration favored both the cell growth and the lysing effect of strain *** optimal medium composition for strain DH46 was determined by means of uniform design experimentation,and the most important components influencing the cell density were tryptone,yeast extract,soluble starch,NaNO3 and *** the following culture medium was used(tryptone 14.0g,yeast extract 1.63g,soluble starch 5.0 g,NaNO3 1.6 g,MgSO4 2.3 g in 1L),the largest bacterial dry weight(7.36 g L-1) was obtained,which was an enhancement of 107% compared to the initial medium;and the algal lysis rate was as high as 98.4% which increased nearly 10% after optimization.

摘要：Loading of cocatalysts can effectively inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers in photocatalysts and greatly improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate. Cocatalysts can be deposited at the outlet points of electrons using a photochemical method, which is beneficial for the following photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction. H2PO2^– has been used in the photochemical reduction of transition metals because of its special properties. However, the particles formed in the presence of H2PO2^– are very large and highly crystalline, which may inhibit the activity of photocatalysts. In this study, we designed a new method for synthesizing photocatalysts by photodeposition using some other phosphates, aiming to prepare controllable weakly crystalline and small-size cocatalysts to improve the hydrogen production activity. The cocatalyst prepared using H2PO3^– as an inorganic sacrificial agent has an amorphous structure and an average size of about 10 nm. The optimal photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the obtained Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4(4.36 wt%) is 13707.86 μmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is even higher than the activity of Pt-4.36 wt%/g-C3N4(11210.93 μmol·g^-1·h^-1). Mechanistic studies show that loading of Ni(OH)2 can efficiently accelerate the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.

摘要：Cerium‐based catalysts are very attractive for the catalytic abatement of nitrogen oxides(NOx)emitted from stationary ***,the main challenge is still achieving satisfactory catalytic activity in the low‐temperature range and tolerance to SO2 *** the present work,two series of Mo‐modified CeO_(2)catalysts were respectively obtained through a wet impregnation method(Mo‐CeO_(2))and a co‐precipitation method(MoCe‐cp),and the roles of the Mo species were systematically *** tests showed that the Mo‐CeO_(2)catalyst displayed much higher NO conversion at low temperature and anti‐SO2 ability than MoCe‐*** optimal Mo‐CeO_(2)catalyst displayed over 80%NO elimination efficiency even at 150°C and remarkable SO2 resistance at 250°C(nearly no activity loss after 40 h test).The characterization results indicated that the introduced Mo species were highly dispersed on the Mo‐CeO_(2)catalyst surface,thereby providing more Brønsted acid sites and inhibiting the formation of stable adsorbed NOx *** factors synergistically promote the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)reaction in accordance with the Eley‐Rideal(E‐R)reaction path on the Mo‐CeO_(2)***,the molybdenum surface could protect CeO_(2)from SO2 poisoning;thus,the reducibility of the Mo‐CeO_(2)catalyst declined slightly to an adequate level after *** results in this work indicate that surface modification with Mo species may be a simple method of developing highly efficient cerium‐based SCR catalysts with superior SO2 durability.

摘要：Hierarchically structured nanomaterials have attracted much attention owing to their unique *** this study,TiO2 nanofibers assembled from nanosheets(TiO2-NFs-NSs)were fabricated through electrospinning technique,which was followed by hydrothermal treatment in NaOH *** effect of hydrothermal reaction time(0-3 h)on the structure and properties of TiO2 nanofibers(TiO2-NFs)was systematically studied,and TiO2-NFs was evaluated in terms of the photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic oxidation of acetone and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar *** was found that(1)hydrothermal treatment of TiO2-NFs in NaOH solution followed by acid washing and calcination results in the formation of TiO2-NFs-NSs;(2)upon extending the hydrothermal reaction time from 0 h to 3 h,the BET surface area of TiO2-NFs-NSs(T3.0 sample)increases 3.8 times(from 28 to 106 m2 g^-1),while the pore volume increases 6.0 times(from 0.09 to 0.54 cm3 g^-1);(3)when compared with those of pristine TiO2-NFs(T0 sample),the photoreactivity of the optimized TiO2-NFs-NSs toward acetone oxidation increases 3.1 times and the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases 2.3 *** enhanced photoreactivity of TiO2-NFs-NSs is attributed to the enlarged BET surface area and increased pore volume,which facilitate the adsorption of substrate and penetration of gas,and the unique hollow structure of TiO2-NFs-NSs,which facilitates light harvesting through multiple optical reflections between the TiO2 nanosheets.

摘要：In recent major earthquakes, the researchers have found the need for consideration of vertical seismic acceleration for the stability analysis of the man-made and natural slopes. However, in most past studies, the performance of slopes has been assessed by accounting only the horizontal seismic component of the ground motion, without giving due weightage to the effect of vertical component. In the present study, analytical expressions are derived to determine the factor of safety, yield seismic coefficient and consequently the seismic displacement of cohesionless soil slope under combined horizontal and vertical components of the ground motion. The derivation uses the Newmark's sliding block approach, in which the soil slope with a planar failure surface within the framework of conventional pseudo-static analysis is assumed to follow the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The effects of vertical seismic coefficient on the stability of cohesionless slope have been studied through a set of graphical presentations for a specific range of soil parameters. It is observed that overlooking the effect of the vertical component of the ground motion on factor of safety and the displacement while designing the slope may be detrimental, resulting in the slope failure. The general expressions presented in this paper may be highly useful in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering practice for designing the cohesionless soil slopes under combined horizontal and vertical seismic loads.

摘要：Materials such as cement and composite active admixture were mixed in definite ratio to consolidate sewer sludge, which had been dried and smashed. Two kinds of solidified bodies were designed. A represented the solidified body which had not used any composite active admixture, and B represented the one which used composite active admixture as one of its compositions. The results show that the compressive strength （28 d） of these solidified bodies can reach 30 MPa under the standard maintain condition which could be used as subgrade material. The concentration of heavy metals in solidified body was far less than identification standard for hazardous wastes of China. Heavy metals were stabilized and solidified effectively. The organic matter in these solidified bodies of 56 d was 80 percent less than that in raw sludge. A large quantity of bacteria could also be killed because of the basic condition in solidified body. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） test explained the reason that solidified body B showed better properties in all tests.