摘要：A reasonable design strategy to improve the utilization of noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is crucial to simplify the process flow and accelerate the future renewable energy ***,abundant defects were created on 2.4-nm Ru nanoparticles to achieve unprecedently high mass-specific reactivity in harsh acidic and alkaline *** obtained defect-enriched Ru(DR-Ru)exhibits an ultrahigh HER turnover frequency of16.4 s^(-1)with a 100-mV overpotential in alkaline media,and it also retains an excellent value of 20.6 s^(-1)in acidic media;these results are superior to those reported for other Ru ***,a record-low loading of 2.5μg cm^(-2)for the DR-Ru catalysts and low overpotentials of 28.2 and 25.1 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)can be realized in alkaline and acidic media,***,the less coordinated Ru surface sites and partial lattice oxygen introduction weaken the bonding between H and DR-Ru catalysts,facilitate fast acidic HERkinetics and help dissociate the water molecule to overcome the major challenge of HER in alkaline electrolytes,leading to an activity comparable to that under acidic *** result provides a guideline for defect engineering on noble metal nanocatalysts to effectively improve the utilization of the catalysts and optimize reactivities.

摘要：目的:废旧轮胎正成为一个日益严峻的环境问题。本文旨在研究发掘一个高效绿色的处理废旧轮胎的方法。本文探讨微波热解废旧轮胎的可能性,同时研究不同环境温度、微波频率以及样本大小对微波热解废旧轮胎效率的影响。方法:1.通过实验分析,验证影响微波热解废旧轮胎的关键因素,同时找出微波热解废旧轮胎的最佳条件。2.理论设计多个与分解效率相关的变量,推导其计算公式,从而证明提高热解效率的关键因素。3.分析热解后产物,证明该方法是高效绿色的。结论:1.微波热解废旧轮胎的最佳条件是:轮胎样品厚度为5 mm、微波频率为915 MHz以及环境温度为592.1°C。2.分解产物中包含35%的炭黑、40%的原油以及25%的可燃性气体;这证明微波热解法是有效的。3.所有产物皆可重复利用,证明该方法是高效绿色的。

摘要：Photocatalytic hydrogen production is considered a promising approach to generating clean sustainable ***,the conventional co-catalyst(e.g.,Pt)used in photocatalytic hydrogen production is high-cost and difficult to ***,we designed and prepared a ternary nanocomposite MXene@Au@Cd S,which can be used in the field of efficient and excellent photocatalytic hydrogen *** MXene@Au@Cd S has a hydrogen production rate of 17,070.43μmol g^-1h^-1(tested for 2 h),which is 1.85 times that of pure Cd S *** improved hydrogen production performance of the MXene@Au@Cd S is attributed to:(i)MXene provides more active adsorption sites and reaction centers for Au and Cd S nanoparticles;(ii)the synergistic effect of Au’s strong surface plasmon resonance expands the optical response range of Cd ***,this work solves the problem of the solid connection between the surface functional groups of photocatalyst,and achieves rapid interface charge transfer and long-term stability during the hydrogen production.

摘要：An investigation into the effect of several novel well-designed guanidinium salt ionic liquids（GILs） on inhibitting tumor growth is described. The GILs which have longer alkyl chain（6-18 carbon atoms） exhibit the high cytotoxicity to Hela299, B16 and SMMC-7721 cells so as to inhibit their proliferation. The inhibitory effect of the most effective GILl2 is about 10-fold higher than that of MMC（a common chemotherapy drug in clinic）.

摘要：为进一步提高电破乳的效率,通过分析油中水滴在电场力作用下的受力情况,得出影响水滴静电聚结的因素,并设计了绝缘型静电聚结器对油包水乳状液进行室内实验,结果表明,增加电场强度和延长电场停留时间可有效促进分散水滴聚并成大颗粒水滴,提高其在油相中的沉降速率,加快油水分层速度。含水量过高导致油水乳状液电导率激增,不利于乳状液的静电聚结。具有良好的稳定性和耐腐蚀性的绝缘材料可有效防止因局部电流过大导致的电场崩溃。在此基础上开发出的静电聚结器在现场生产中取得了较好效果,在保证分离效果的前提下,能显著降低静电聚结器能耗。

摘要：Topological nodal line（DNL） semimetals, a closed loop of the inverted bands in its bulk phases, result in the almost flat drumhead-like non-trivial surface states（DNSSs） with an unusually high electronic density near the Fermi level. High catalytic active sites generally associated with high electronic densities around the Fermi level, high carrier mobility and a close-to-zero free energy of the adsorbed state of hydrogen（？G_（H＊）≈0） are prerequisite to design alternative of precious platinum for catalyzing electrochemical hydrogen production from water. By combining these two aspects, it is natural to consider if the DNLs are a good candidate for the hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） or not because its DNSSs provide a robust platform to activate chemical reactions. Here, through first-principles calculations we reported a new DNL TiSi-type family, exhibiting a closed Dirac nodal line due to the linear band crossings in k_y=0 *** hydrogen adsorbed state on the surface yields ？G_（H＊） to be almost zero and the topological charge carries participate in HER. The results highlight a new routine to design topological quantum catalyst utilizing the topological DNL-induced surface bands as active sites, rather than edge sites-, vacancy-,dopant-, strain-, or heterostructure-created active sites.

摘要：Cadmium sulfide(Cd S)-based photocatalysts have attracted extensive attention owing to their strong visible light absorption,suitable band energy levels,and excellent electronic charge transportation *** review focuses on the recent progress related to the design,modification,and construction of Cd S-based photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution ***,the basic concepts and mechanisms of photocatalytic H2 evolution are briefly ***,the fundamental properties,important advancements,and bottlenecks of Cd S in photocatalytic H2 generation are presented in detail to provide an overview of the potential of this ***,various modification strategies adopted for Cd S-based photocatalysts to yield solar H2 are discussed,among which the effective approaches aim at generating more charge carriers,promoting efficient charge separation,boosting interfacial charge transfer,accelerating charge utilization,and suppressing charge-induced *** critical factors governing the performance of the photocatalyst and the feasibility of each modification strategy toward shaping future research directions are comprehensively discussed with ***,the prospects and challenges encountered in developing nanostructured Cd S and Cd S-based nanocomposites in photocatalytic H2 evolution are presented.

摘要：The conventional photoelectric detection system requires complex circuitry and spectroscopic systems as well as specialized personnel for its *** replace such a system,a method of measuring turbidity using a camera is proposed by combining the imaging characteristics of a digital camera and the high-speed information processing capability of a *** turbidity measurement devices based on visible and near-infrared(NIR)light cameras and a light source driving circuit with constant light intensity were *** RGB data in the turbidity images were acquired using a self-developed image processing software and converted to the CIE Lab color *** on the relationship between the luminance,chromatic aberration,and turbidity,the turbidity detection models for luminance and chromatic aberration of visible and NIR light devices exhibiting values from 0-1000 NTU,less than 100 NTU,and more than 100 NTU were *** comparing and analyzing the proposed models,the two measurement models with the best all-around performance were selected and fused to generate new measurement *** experimental results prove that the correlation between the three models and the commercial turbidity meter measurements exhibite a significance value higher than *** error of the fusion model is within 1.05%,with a mean square error of *** visible light device has less error at low turbidity measurements and is less influenced by the color of the *** NIR light device is more stable and accurate at full range and high turbidity measurements and is therefore more suitable for such measurements.

摘要：In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code （PFC） revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.

摘要：Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention due to their high energy density(2600 Wh kg-1). However, its commercialization is hindered seriously by the low loading and utilization rate of sulfur cathodes. Herein, we designed the cellulose-based graphene carbon composite aerogel(CCA) self-standing electrode to enhance the performance of Li-S batteries. The CCA contributes to the mass loading and utilization efficiency of sulfur, because of its unique physical structure: low density(0.018 g cm-3), large specific surface area(657.85 m2 g-1), high porosity(96%), and remarkable electrolyte adsorption(42.25 times). Compared to Al(about 49%), the CCA displayed excellent sulfur use efficiency(86%) and could reach to high area capacity of 8.60 mAh cm-2 with 9.11 mgS loading. Meanwhile,the CCA exhibits the excellent potential for pulse sensing applications due to its flexibility and superior sensitivity to electrical response signals.