摘要：废轮胎热解油(Tire Pyrolysis Oil,TPO)是废旧轮胎热解的副产物。TPO的化学成分与常用沥青再生剂芳香烃类油的化学成分相似,使得TPO能够用作废旧沥青混合料(Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement,RAP)的再生剂,并能恢复RAP的技术性能。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对再生沥青胶结料的化学结构进行了研究,揭示了TPO冷再生沥青混合料的再生机理。采用马歇尔设计方法明确了TPO冷再生沥青混合料的材料组成。研究了TPO的掺量、预活化时间和环氧树脂掺量对再生沥青混合料路用性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:TPO可以软化老化沥青、降低其黏度、重新平衡RAP表面的老化沥青的化学成分和恢复老化沥青的技术性能,但仅用TPO再生的再生沥青混合料的力学性能较差,掺入低剂量的环氧树脂在沥青混合料内部起到了结构补强的作用,极大地提高了TPO再生沥青混合料的各项性能。

摘要：This article delivers a robust overview of potential electrode materials for use in symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells(S-SOFCs),a relatively new SOFC *** this end,this article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and progress in electrode materials for S-SOFC,discussing both the selection of materials and the challenges that come with making that *** article discussed the relevant factors involved in developing electrodes with nano/***,e.g.,non-cobalt and lithiated materials,are only a few of the electrode types now being ***,the phase structure and microstructure of the produced materials are heavily influenced by the synthesis *** into the possibilities and difficulties of the material are *** achieve the desired microstructural features,this article focuses on a synthesis technique that is either the most recent or a better iteration of an existing *** portion of this analysis that addresses the risks associated with manufacturing and the challenges posed by materials when fabricating S-SOFCs is the most *** article also provides important and useful recommendations for the strategic design of electrode materials researchers.

摘要：为解决现有研究中评价体系缺乏生态学理论支撑,缺乏针对场地设计尺度的水景观综合绩效评估,在框架或指标的选取上完整性、典型性和可获得性不足等问题,充分梳理景观绩效评价的4种体系,探讨水生态系统服务的相关理论,识别水生态系统服务类别及要素,阐明水生态系统服务与景观绩效评价的逻辑关系。以水生态系统服务理论为理论依据,结合国际景观绩效相关评价体系及指标,构建一套兼具科学性与可操作性的水景观综合绩效评价指标体系,共包含5类项目层、10类准则层和28个指标项。研究结果可为水景观设计师优化设计策略提供科学依据。

摘要：目的：确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,并将其作为主要的规划指标,研究其对室外风环境的影响。创新点：在以高层、高密度为特点的城市建设中,一个地块的用地规划指标可直接影响居住区的室外物理环境质量。一个高层建筑群的规划设计不应该只关注建筑物,还应考虑室外物理环境的品质。本研究从室外风环境角度出发,对13种＂容积率-建筑密度-建筑层数＂指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行对比,从而得到可直接服务于城市建设项目的规划策略。方法：1.通过确定建筑容积率、建筑密度和建筑层数之间的关系,建立三维高层建筑群布局模型,列出19种可能的指标组合（图2）;2.通过日照模拟分析工具Tarch和建筑消防间距计算筛选出13种符合当前规划要求的指标组合;3.运用风环境模拟软件Phoenics,对13种指标组合形成的高层建筑群布局进行风环境模拟运算;利用图形分析软件Photoshop CS,计算出舒适风面积比值,并进行相互对比（图3和4）;4.根据土建造价对不同建筑群布局的总造价进行对比（图6）。结论：在规划设计中,通常认为较低的容积率和较低的建筑高度意味着建筑体量较小,室外物理环境会更好。但是,本研究发现建筑层数越多、建筑高度越高,行人高度的室外舒适风区面积越大。不过,建筑层数从25层升到30层,舒适风区面积增加有限。加之考虑层数越高导致造价越高的因素,当面对容积率为2.0~4.0的高层地块时,不能简单地认为建筑层数最高的规划方案就是最好的方案。

摘要：隧道内火灾的热释放速率对火灾蔓延和烟气生成起着关键作用。影响热释放速率的关键参数包括燃烧物特性、隧道形状、通风条件以及车辆流量。综述了几年来热释放速率对这些参数的依赖性所做的研究成果。设计了贝页斯概率模型来模拟火灾热释放速率受隧道形状以及纵向通风的影响,设计了定性模型来模拟火灾在类似海底隧道内从一个物体蔓延到另一个物体的情况,通风条件同样是纵向通风,并给出了此次研究的初步成果。

摘要：出于对全球温室效应的担心,在近年气候变化大会上,节能减排已经成为当下人们最为关注的话题之一。据统计,建筑业的碳排放量占全球总碳排放量上的40%,因此绿色建筑和可持续化建设的概念在土木工程的项目中越发重要。如何评估监测并及时改进建筑设计以满足当下的减排要求是实现绿色建筑设计、有效施工和项目交付的关键之一。本文分析对比了在全球范围内较为流行的两种绿色建筑评价系统,包括美国绿色建筑评价指标体系(LEED)和澳大利亚绿色之星评级系统(Green Star)。其中,侧重分析两套绿色建筑评测系统在建造设计方面的相似与不同之处,旨在为中国的绿色建筑设计标准和评估模式提供一定程度的参考。

摘要：采用整体退火遗传算法搜索3n混合极性Reed-Muller表达式,获得最优解从而达到简化逻辑电路目的.并有效地结合遗传算法的全局搜索和模拟退火算法的局部搜索能力,在退火阶段将父代中最优的2/3种群的染色体和子代中最优的2/3种群的染色体选中形成中间阶段种群,然后对该种群进行退火选择,选出染色体组成新的种群,再对新种群进行选择、交叉和变异操作.为了进一步加快整体退火遗算法的执行效率,本文采用数据不相关的方法计算适应函数.实验结果证明,该算法在保证最优结果的同时,可有效缩短CPU运行时间.

摘要：Current demand for housing worldwide has reached unprecedented levels due to factors such as human population growth, natural disasters and conflict. This is felt no more so than in developing countries which have experienced disproportionate levels of demand due to their innate vulnerability. Many current approaches to housing delivery in developing countries continue to utilize inappropriate construction methods and implementation procedures that are often problematic and unsustainable. As such affordability and sustainability are now vital considerations in the international development debate for housing the poor in developing countries in order to meet the long term sustainable development goals and needs of housing inhabitants. This paper utilized an extensive scoping study to examine the various facets impacting on design decision making relative to sustainable and affordable housing delivery in developing country contexts. Aspects of affordability, sustainability, design decision making, appropriate technology use, cultural awareness, as well as current barriers to affordable and sustainable construction in developing countries are examined in detail. Results highlighted the capability of indigenous knowledge, skills and materials as well as selected appropriate technology transfer and cultural awareness by foreign bodies can be utilized in innovative ways in addressing current housing needs in many developing country contexts.