摘要：全球降水对人们生产生活和经济发展都至关重要。因此,评估模式对降水的模拟能力至关重要。近期大气物理研究所发布了两套CMIP6试验数据,结合GPCC降水资料,本文评估了两组试验对1900-2014年全球陆地降水以及各半球夏季降水模拟性能。结果表明,无论是年际尺度还是长期趋势的模拟,GMMIP试验均表现出更好的模拟性能。考虑到两组试验设计的角度和海温对年际降水的重要影响,本文探讨了全球海温异常尤其是ENSO事件对全球降水和各半球夏季降水的重要性。结果表明,赤道太平洋地区海温对降水模拟影响显著,其影响主要集中在中低纬地区。这对降水模拟的改进有很大帮助。

摘要：本文设计了基于二维玻璃态石墨烯的多功能器件.与本征石墨烯相比,扭曲的晶格结构打开了玻璃态石墨烯的带隙,表现出与石墨烯类似甚至更优异的光电探测与化学传感性能.由于玻璃态石墨烯与空气中的小分子间较强的相互作用,该器件受到光致脱附的影响更小,呈现出正的光响应.在405 nm的激光照射下,器件的响应率为0.22 A W^(-1),探测率为10^(10)Jones.此外,玻璃态石墨烯中的固有缺陷和应变可增强分析物的吸附,获得良好的化学传感性能.玻璃态石墨烯器件探测丙酮的信噪比为48,比石墨烯器件提高了50%以上.此外,对偏压和厚度有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)感测功能的分析表明,少层玻璃态石墨烯更为敏感.这项研究表明玻璃态石墨烯在集成光电探测和化学传感多功能器件方面具有巨大应用前景.

摘要：为了解决环境污染中油污染的问题,世界各国相继投入大量的财力开发新型高效吸油材料.本研究针对多孔炭材料中膨胀石墨(EG)和植物炭疏水亲油的特点,分别以重油和20号柴油为吸附质,对膨胀石墨和炭化玉米秸秆、炭化油菜秸杆和炭化竹子3种植物炭的吸油特性和影响因素进行了详细的表征和研究.实验结果表明:(1)蠕虫状膨胀石墨样品具有最大的吸油率,理想状态下可以达到80 kg/kg EG;(2)油类的粘度在很大程度上影响吸附速率,从而在很大程度上影响等温吸附曲线的形状;(3)膨胀石墨的循环再利用性能比较差;(4)3种代表性植物炭材料中,炭化玉米秸杆对20#柴油的吸附率最高,其次为炭化油菜秸秆,最小的是炭化竹子;(5)比表面积的改变,对液态吸附过程影响不大.

摘要：This paper discusses the analysis done on the meteorological ocean buoy mooring used for monitoring the Indian seas. Based on the extreme environmental parameters experienced by the buoys, mooring loads are analyzed using offshore dynamic analysis software. The results obtained are validated with the tension recorder installed in one of the moorings, and the results are found to comply with an accuracy of better than 1%. The successful on demand performance of the mooring during major cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the vital meteorological and oceanographic information provided by the buoy during these disastrous cyclonic events validates the mooring design, and proves the data availability for societal needs. The time critical data assimilated in the cyclone prediction models have given confidence to improve the country"s weather prediction and climate modelling capabilities.

摘要：矿山用工程机械轮胎价格十分昂贵、使用周期短、更换新胎成本很高,因此需要对其进行定期维护.刺扎、污染、磨耗和速度波动较大等恶劣的工作环境,致使工程机械轮胎使用寿命缩短.对于自卸车载重轮胎来说,使用时易发生胎面脱层、胎侧刺扎、冲击破裂和胎圈损坏等问题.为了满足矿山运输要求,必须改善轮胎胎面胶配方,从而提高胎面耐磨性能.

摘要：目的:比较非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术与采用体外循环的传统冠状动脉搭桥术患者的临床、血管造影、神经认知和生活质量结局。设计:随机对照临床试验。机构:英格兰Middlesex的三级心胸外科中心。

摘要：有机-无机杂化钙钛矿具有优异的光电性能,如大的光吸收系数、高载流子迁移率等,是理想的光电器件用光吸收材料.然而,杂化钙钛矿薄膜光电器件的性能受多方面因素的影响,例如致密程度、晶界等,同时其内部光激发电子-空穴对的复合也会降低器件的光电流和光响应度.本文以化学气相沉积法生长的高质量石墨烯薄膜为模板,通过两步化学气相沉积制备了甲胺铅碘/石墨烯异质结,并以此制备了柔性光探测器.首先,在生长体系中引入碘化铅,在石墨烯表面外延生长得到高质量的碘化铅;之后,引入甲基碘化铵,得到了具有大晶粒尺寸、致密的甲胺铅碘薄膜.进一步,以此复合薄膜为光吸收层,制备了柔性光探测器,其光响应度达到107 A/W.石墨烯的存在会抑制其中电子-空穴对的复合,从而提高器件的光电流.最后,在人类视觉系统的启发下,设计了柔性光电探测器阵列(24×24)图像传感器;其中,复合薄膜充当了视网膜中的视锥细胞.此图像传感器具有形状识别和颜色辨别的能力,在人造视网膜、生物医学成像、遥感和光通信高性能光电器件的构建方面具有应用潜力.

摘要：Lately, cardiovascular diseases are becoming a critical issue to human health and patients suffer from such a disease tend to be increasing throughout the world due to the changes in lifestyle. As the remedies to cardiovascular diseases, a coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and a stent implantation have been widely used. In order to achieve successful results through these treatments, a stent must fulfill the certain conditions with its design and mechanical properties. A stent must have sufficient stiffness to secure the strength of narrowed blood vessel and sufficient fatigue strength against the pulsatory motion of the blood vessel. Also its high flexibility is mandatory not to damage the vessel wall while it is being transferred to the lesion through the blood vessel. A design of stent has considerable influence upon the performance of stent. Thickness, curvature and connection method of strut are main variable factors in stent design.