摘要：It is innovative if people can be free from aged body and continue their career with assistance of robotics. It is supposed to see the change soon as smart phone changed life style. This research aims to figure out the direction of this change, development in technique for elders. It also studies various theories to justify various methods for ambient assistance robotic design for elders. In the long life expectancy world, this design will enhance the life quality of elders and encourage young people get pride in their own job, because their career will continue and it deserves to invest all their energy and sincerity in a specific area. As ambient robotics are a design for elders＇ adjacent assistive design and part of everyday, it is related with quality of elders＇ life. Some theories are cited for the importance of meaningful life. Meaningfulness is regarded as the fundamental goal of design purpose, because meaning stands upon the concept of human being and its consciousness activity. Phenomenological background of this research is introduced. It can be suggested in field observation to get real stories containing meanings and essence of life of elders. In conclusion, this study is a beginning of long process to prepare aging society with technique as well as perspective to see elders as valuable work force.

摘要：The purpose of this research is to present design strategies to enable coastal areas to adapt to climate change and maintain the coastlines by addressing the environmental and urban issues. Gangneung is a tourist attraction situated on South Korea’s east coast, and there is an urgent need for integrated research on strategies to prevent the loss of sandy beaches and the damage caused by storm surges and high swell. This research has two objectives: The first is to offer an overview and describe the characteristics of exemplary projects carried out to manage the storm damage while maintaining the coastlines. The second is to propose a design model that can be applied to coastal areas susceptible to climate change by analyzing the design strategies and the current conditions of the Gangneung coastal area. In the case of Gangneung, the damage caused by the storm surges and high swells are more severe compared to inundation caused by sea level rise because of the steep slope and deep water. Therefore, adaptive design strategies are mainly focused on accommodation and retreat strategies that consider these characteristics by moving the coastal roads behind the pine forest and raising the coastal buildings to connect the coast to the forest and to prevent coastal erosion. This research has the potential to be used as an exemplary design adaptation for coastal erosion as well as a basis for regulating the land use policy in areas susceptible to flood by establishing guidelines for publicly funded developments, and preparing long-term relocation plans for the existing coastal developments to create a sustainable and resilient future for the coastal areas.

摘要：AIM： To investigate whether activin regulates the cell proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line SNU-16 through the mRNA changes in activin receptors, Smads and p21^CIP1/WAF1. METHODS： The human gastric cancer cell lines were cultured, RNAs were purified, and RT-PCRs were carried out with specifically designed primer for each gene. Among them, the two cell lines SNU-5 and SNU-16 were cultured with activin A for 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. For SNU-16, changes in ActRIA, ActRIB, ActRIIA, ActRIIB, Smad2, Smad4, Smad7, and p21^CIP1/WAF1 mRNAs were detected with RT-PCR after the cells were cultured with activin A for 24, 48 and 72 h. RESULTS： The proliferation of SNU-16 cells was down regulated by activin A whereas other cells showed no change. Basal level of inhibin/activin subunits, activin receptors, Smads, and p21^CIP1/WAF1 except for activin βB mRNAs was observed to have differential expression patterns in the human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS, KATO III, SNU-1, SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-484, SNU-601, SNU-638, SNU-668, and SNU-719. Interestingly, significantly higher expressions of ActR IIA and IIB mRNAs were observed in SNU-16 cells when compared to other cells. After activin treatment, ActR IA, IB, and IIA mRNA levels were decreased whereas ActR IIB mRNA level increased in SNU-16 cells. Smad4 mRNA increased for up to 48 h whereas Smad7 mRNA increased sharply at 24 h and returned to the initial level at 48 h in SNU-16 cells. In addition, expression of the p21^CIP1/WAF1 the mitotic inhibitor, peaked at 72 h after activin treatment in SNU-16 cells. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that inhibition of cell growth by activin is regulated by the negative feedback effect of Smad7 on the activin signaling pathway, and is mediated through p21^CIP1/WAF1 activation in SNU-16 cells.

摘要：本文介绍一种设计具有转差元件和行星齿轮的开环变速箱的车辆的性能预测方法。同时采用数学模型对这种装置的内功率流程图进行理论分析。推荐一种用性能迹线图表示整个装置特性的几何方法有效测定新设计的动力变速箱。它完全可以定性预测性能和设计因素的影响。这些因素是装置的设计 ,行星齿轮传动的类型和速比以及转差元件的设计参数 ,采用测功仪对动力变速器的预测结果进行试验比较。

摘要：Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical ***,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits fast *** biomolecules have been widely utilized to overcome this issue;however,homogeneous porous Ti scaffolds could not simultaneously deliver multiple biomolecules that have different release *** this study,functionally graded porous Ti scaffolds(FGPTs)with dense inner and porous outer parts were fabricated using a two-body combination and densification *** with growth factor(BMP-2)and antibiotics(TCH)exhibited suitable mechanical properties as bone substituting material and presented good structural *** release of BMP-2 was considerably prolonged,whereas the release of TCH was comparable to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds(control group).The osteogenic differentiation obtained using FGPTs was maintained due to the prolonged release of *** antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds were verified using *** in terms of prior release *** addition,various candidates for graded porous Ti scaffolds with altered pore characteristics were presented.

摘要：背景:虽然活动衬垫膝关节假体在体外的研究中显示具有更好的关节运动学表现、更低的磨损率,但是否具有更好的体内临床效果仍有争议。目的:对比观察活动衬垫型和固定衬垫型膝关节假体在置换后1年时膝关节活动度和临床效果。设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例对比分析。2003-11/2006-07首尔国立大学盆唐医院关节重建中心。对象:共纳入接受全膝关节置换488例患者669膝。244例患者341膝采用了固定衬垫型假体,244例患者328膝采用活动衬垫型假膝。方法:所有手术皆由一位固定医师(TKKim)完成。采用髌旁内侧入路,术中不翻转髌骨,而将髌骨向外侧脱位进行显露。以间隙测量器作为间隙撑开工具并进行间隙的准确测量,根据测量结果进行软组织松解平衡,直到达到下述标准:屈曲间隙大于伸直间隙不超过3.0～4.0mm或伸直间隙大于屈曲间隙不超过1.0～2.0mm,对于内翻畸形膝关节,外侧间隙大于内侧间隙2.0～3.0mm是可以接受的。常规行髌骨置换,所有假体都采用骨水泥固定。主要观察指标:以角尺测量患者置换前后膝关节屈曲挛缩程度和最大屈曲度。置换前后膝关节的疼痛和功能状态采用AKS评分、髌股关节评分、WOMAC评分和SF-36系统评分进行评价。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、身高、体质量和体质量指数方面差异没有显著性。置换后两组在PF膝前痛评分、WOMAC疼痛评分和SF-36躯体疼痛评分方面两组差异无显著性(P>0.05);固定衬垫组平均AKS疼痛评分略高于活动衬垫组(48.5±3.2,47.5±4.8,P=0.010)。置换后两组患者的屈曲畸形得到了很好的矫正(P=0.341),两组的膝关节活动度差异没有显著性(P=0.412)。置换后所有反映膝关节功能的评价指标两组间差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:活动衬垫型膝关节假体置换后在膝关节活动度、疼痛缓解以及膝关节功能方面与固定衬垫型膝关节假体相比并没有显著性优势。手术技术是获得置换后良好临床效果的关键。

摘要：背景:实时定量PCR技术在微生物包括分枝杆菌检测领域应用越来越广泛。目的:评价在痰标本涂片抗酸染色无法获得诊断信息时(如没有痰或痰涂片阴性),RT-PCR在结核病诊断中的作用。设计:我们分析了从2006年1月至2008年4月之间连续纳入的为诊断结核病而进行的支气管分泌物RT-PCR检测的病人。所有病人均接收了计算机断层扫描(CT)、支气管镜和组织活检确诊结核病,对收集的支气管分泌物进行了微生物学和RT-PCR检测。最终的确诊基于微生物学或临床病理学的标准。结果:有136例患者最终得到了诊断结果,其中77例(包括65例培养阳性病例)诊断为结核。RT-PCR在确诊病人中的阳性率是51.9%(40/77)。与支气管分泌物抗酸染色相比,更多的病人(20.8%)通过RT-PCR被检测出来(40比20,P<0.001)。结合支气管分泌物抗酸染色和RT-PCR,77例结核确诊病例中的44例(57.1%)在几天之内被确诊。结论:支气管分泌物的RT-PCR检测在涂阴或无痰结核病人的快速诊断中是一种有用的方法。

摘要：欧盟、美国和韩国等发达国家和地区为缓解农业劳动力短缺问题,多年来实行引进外籍农业劳动力政策。基于本区域发展现状和特点,这三个发达国家和地区在制定政策方面各有侧重。欧盟对于外籍农业劳动力工作许可的有效期限较短,注重外籍农业劳动力的权益保障和职业培训。美国赋予外籍农业劳动力弹性入境期限,引进过程体现雇主主导、政府监督配合的自下而上型特征。韩国向外籍农业劳动力提供的签证种类多样且具有互补性,且因农业人口老龄化现象严重,引进过程呈现政府主导的自上而下型特征。此外,相较于欧盟和美国,韩国在引进外籍农业劳动力数量方面配额特征明显,对申请条件规定得更为具体且明确。鉴于此,本文建议在农业“用工荒”警报拉响前做好引进外籍农业劳动力的政策制度设计,同时构建与现代农业相适应的统计监测体系有效辅助相关政策制定和落实,并充分利用人文及地理优势条件实现农业劳动力优化配置,以缓解中国农业劳动力结构性短缺和实现农业劳动力有效供给。

摘要：本针刺随机对照试验(Randomised controlled trials, RCT)专家共识是基于目前针刺试验面临的最普遍、最关键问题,由临床医生、研究人员、从事针灸和外科的临床试验专家、统计专家、临床流行病学和方法学专家以及患者组成的国际临床研究小组联合制订。该共识将有助于临床试验资助者、注册者以及期刊编辑等评估针刺RCT方案及研究结果的相关性、重要性和质量。