摘要：The nanoscale core/shell heterostructure is a particularly efficient motif to combine the promising properties of plasmonic materials and rare-earth compounds; however, there remain significant challenges in the synthetic control due to the large interfacial energy between these two intrinsically unmatched materials. Herein, we report a synthetic route to grow rare-earth-vanadate shells on gold nanorod （AuNR） cores. After modifying the AuNR surface with oleate through a surfactant exchange, well-packaged rare-earth oxide （e.g., Gd2O3：Eu） shells are grown on AuNRs as a result of the multiple roles of oleate. Furthermore, the composition of the shell has been altered from oxide to vanadate （GdVO4：Eu） using an anion exchange method. Owing to the carefully designed strategy, the AuNR cores maintain the morphology during the synthesis process; thus, the final Au/GdVO4： Eu core/shell NRs exhibit strong absorption bands and high photothermal efficiency. In addition, the Au/GdVO4：Eu NRs exhibit bright Eu^3＋ fluorescence with quantum yield as high as -17%; bright Sm^3＋ and Dy^3＋ fluorescence can also be obtained by changing the lanthanide doping in the oxide formation. Owing to the attractive integration of the plasmonic and fluorescence properties, such core/shell heterostructures will find particular applications in a wide array of areas, from biomedicine to energy.

摘要：Both batch-to-batch(B2 B)and roll-to-roll(R2 R)processes can be used for mass production of graphene *** of the simplicity of equipment,the B2 B process is more commonly used in laboratory *** contrast,the R2 R process is more industrially preferred because it is easier to automate and more compatible with the subsequent transfer *** to now,the research on R2 R process has mainly focused on the design of the reactor or the loading configuration,but the in-depth understanding on the growth kinetics is *** this paper,we investigated the evolution of graphene growth and revealed that the graphene domain density grown by the R2 R process was larger than that by the B2 B process with the same reaction parameters,which was attributed to different reaction profiles between the two ***,the defective graphene could be healed with elongated reaction *** the optimized R2 R process,graphene films with quality comparable to those grown by conventional B2 B process could be *** research will promote the development of the mass-production technique for graphene films.

摘要：设计廉价和高效的双功能催化剂应用于CO_(2)还原和O_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR和ORR)是实现碳中和的理想选择.因此,本文研制出铌原子分散固定在氮掺杂有序介孔碳(Nb-N-C)上的双功能CO_(2)RR和ORR催化剂用于锌-空气电池(ZAB)自驱动CO_(2)RR.得益于高铌原子利用率和有序介孔结构,Nb-N-C催化剂展现出高达90%的CO法拉第效率,ORR的半波电位活性为0.84 V,ZAB的峰值功率活性为115.6 mW cm-2.此外,采用两个串联的ZABs单元作为自供能CO_(2)RR系统的电源,能够连续将C O_(2)转化为C O.该自供能系统前10小时的C O平均产率为3.75μmol h-1mg-1cat.理论计算表明,铌原子分散固定在氮掺杂的碳上形成Nb–N配位键,从而有效地降低CO_(2)RR的决速中间体*COOH和ORR的决速中间体*O的生成能垒.

摘要：对高速边界层转捩与湍流的理解、建模与控制不但具有广泛的学术兴趣,而且对高速飞行器的设计与节能有至关重要的意义,因为转捩和湍流会急剧增加壁面摩阻和热流.根据Morkovin假设,高速流动具有一些与不可压缩流动本质上相似的特征,但另一方面,由于存在热力学过程、激波、高焓效应等多物理场耦合,与不可压缩流动也有显著区别.本文综述了高速边界层转捩与湍流的物理和建模方面的最新研究进展,其中较大部分内容为湍流研究.为了物理过程描述的完整性,我们首先简要综述了高速流动转捩,主要关注气动加热原理和推迟转捩的被动控制策略.随后,我们总结了近期在湍流平均流向速度和温度的标度率方面的一些令人鼓舞的发现,这些标度率能够用于构建一系列新颖的壁面模型以提高模式精度.此外,作为湍流建模的基础之一,我们还总结了湍流结构方面的研究,尤其关注边界层对数区含能运动的标度率与建模.另外,我们综述了各种用于预测壁湍流的线性模型.尽管湍流通常被认为是高度非线性的,这些线性模型在过去二十年的研究中取得了较大的成功.最后,我们对综述进行总结,并简要展望未来研究.

摘要：氢能作为一种清洁能源,已成为全球能源战略的重要组成部分,也是实现全球“碳中和”的必要途径之一.在可再生电力的驱动下,水电解法有望成为实现“零碳”排放的一种理想的长期制氢方法.与传统合金相比,高熵合金由于其独特的结构特征,包括占位无序和晶格有序,可提供更多的催化活性位点.它们在水解催化剂领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文综述了电解水的机理、水解过程中高熵合金的催化原理,以及高熵合金作为电解水催化剂的最新研究进展.总结了新型高熵合金设计方面存在的难点及其应用潜力,重点讨论了高熵合金在水解催化过程中表面形态和催化活性之间的联系.最后归纳了高熵合金的组成调控及其在水电解等新兴领域的可能应用前景.