摘要：Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Chinese tertiary hospital nurses' research output,research ability,and their related training needs regarding scientific research methodology and analyze the relations among ***: A nationwide survey was conducted in China on a large sample of tertiary hospital nurses (n =27,335) recruited from 22 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities.A validated,self-designed questionnaire,consisted of a common questionnaire,the Science Research Skills Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRSQ) and the Scientific Research Training Needs Questionnaire (SRTNQ) were used to assess nurses' research output,self-rated research skills and research-training ***: The nurses' scientific research participation rates (with 4.13%,7.85%,5.35%,and 2.04% in research projects,research attendance,papers published,and patent,respectively) and their self-rated research skills 25.00 (12.50,37.50) were very ***,the research training needs were relatively high 53.12(37.50,75.00).Significant differences in research participation rates (research projects,research attendance,papers published,and patent),scientific research skills,and research-training needs were determined by age,highest education level,nursing experience,employment,technical title,administrative post,and clinical tutoring experience (P< 0.05).Female and male nurses had different research participation rates (only research projects and studies published) and scientific research skills (P < 0.05).Positive correlations were observed among research output,scientific research skills,and researchtraining needs (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Nurses' scientific research participation and self-rated research ability were below the optimal despite that they had relatively high research-training *** should be provided further research training with tailored content to their characteristics and capacity.

摘要：Vector quantization （VQ） is an important data compression method. The key of the encoding of VQ is to find the closest vector among N vectors for a feature vector. Many classical linear search algorithms take O（N） steps of distance computing between two vectors. The quantum VQ iteration and corresponding quantum VQ encoding algorithm that takes O（√N） steps are presented in this paper. The unitary operation of distance computing can be performed on a number of vectors simultaneously because the quantum state exists in a superposition of states. The quantum VQ iteration comprises three oracles, by contrast many quantum algorithms have only one oracle, such as Shor＇s factorization algorithm and Grover＇s algorithm. Entanglement state is generated and used, by contrast the state in Grover＇s algorithm is not an entanglement state. The quantum VQ iteration is a rotation over subspace, by contrast the Grover iteration is a rotation over global space. The quantum VQ iteration extends the Grover iteration to the more complex search that requires more oracles. The method of the quantum VQ iteration is universal.

摘要：With the guidance of Erikson’s identity theory,the article analyzes the clones’identity exploration through role identification in Never Let Me *** interprets the clones’puzzlement about their identity,and the process of their identity quest as well as role *** the specific analysis,it is concluded that the clones,represented by Kathy,Tommy and Ruth,have gained self-certainty and social identity by realizing the role identity as a“carer”and a“donor”,in the meantime,they have constructed their identity as social persons with souls like ordinary ***,the findings shows that Never Let Me Go is actually a microcosm of human’s quest for *** aims to express his meditation on human life in the novel:human life is a process of seeking self-identity and social roles,and then fulfilling the obligations of the roles,which confirms Ishiguro’s internationalism that he attempts to convey his contemplation on human existence through his works.

摘要：结合化学交联提供的稳定性和物理交联提供的可热塑加工性可设计得到具有多种刺激响应行为的新材料.本文以偶氮苯二氧己醇(BHHAB)为液晶基元,与苯基丁二酸(PSA)和丙三羧酸(PTA)本体聚合得到一系列液晶聚合物PBHPS-x%PTA,其中PTA作为化学交联,而取代苯基与介晶基元之间的π–π相互作用可提供物理交联.热分析结果显示这些聚合物具有高的热稳定性并表现出近晶型液晶行为.广角X射线衍射(WAXD)和荧光光谱证实了分子间具有可作为物理交联点的π–π相互作用;并且随着PTA含量的增加,化学交联会逐渐影响分子链构象,最终破坏物理交联作用.轻度的化学交联保留了液晶聚合物的可热塑加工性,而在物理交联与化学交联的共同作用下,液晶聚合物具有可逆光致形变,热致形状记忆及自修复性能,在智能高分子材料领域表现出一定的应用前景.

摘要：为一个三步的设计方法的第一个一一般模型被介绍，并且第二，它在 Hilbert 空格设置被用于非线性的变化不平等问题的一个系统的近似解决之可能性。让 H 是一个真实 Hilbert 空格和 K nonempty 被关上 H 的凸的子集。为任意地选择的起始的点 x0 ， y0 ， z0 K ，计算序列 xn ， yxn ， zxn 以便{xn+1=( 1-n-rn ) xn+xPk [ yn-Tyn ] +rnun ，yn=( 1--n ) xn+nPk [ zn-Txn ] +nun ，zn=( 1-an-n ) xn+akPk [ xn-Txn ] +nwn .For ，，> 0 是常数，{ n }，{ n }，{一}，{ rn }，{ n }，{ n } C [ 0,1 ]，{ un }，{ vn }，{ wn }是在 K 的序列，并且 0n + rn 1,0 n + n 1,0 一+ n 1 ，(A) n 0 ，在此 T ：K H 是到 K 上的非线性的印射。最后三步的模型被用于一些变化不平等问题。

摘要：自修复材料具有优异的使用安全性、更长的寿命、节能和对环境更低的影响等优势,因此受到研究者高度关注.超分子相互作用以其优异的可逆性和对环境刺激的快速响应性,在自修复材料中得到广泛应用.但如何通过合理的分子结构设计获得兼具优异机械性能和自修复能力的高分子材料仍是研究者面临的巨大挑战.本文通过将脲基嘧啶酮(UPy)基团引入到聚丙二醇(PPG)链段中,并精确调控其微相结构,得到了一种强韧的可自修复聚氨酯弹性体PPG-mUPy.聚合物链段中的UPy基团通过二聚形成四重氢键,不仅可以诱导相分离从而形成软硬段结构,还可通过π-π堆积相互作用,在环境温度下形成稳定的微晶,进一步提高聚氨酯材料的机械强度.此外,柔性PPG链段上氨基甲酸酯基团之间存在的弱氢键,赋予了材料超韧特性.通过温度调控启动微晶熔融,释放UPy的可逆特性,赋予材料优异的自修复性能.通过调控PPG链段长度、各组分含量及微观形态,得到综合性能最优样品PPG1000-mUPy50%,其拉伸强度可达20.62 MPa,强度修复效率可达93%.该方法为开发高强高韧自修复高分子材料提供了新的思路.

摘要：电磁干扰和辐射无处不在,可能对电子设备的正常运行和人体健康造成危害.MXene具有出色的金属导电性和可调的表面化学,在屏蔽材料的制备中极具吸引力.本文通过结构设计和界面调控,制备了具有隔离网络结构的柔性Fe_(3)O_(4)@Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene/3,4-二羟基苯基乙酸(DOPAC)-环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)弹性体(FMDE).Fe_(3)O_(4)与DOPAC配体分子之间的金属-配体配位交联提供了强大的界面相互作用,从而显著增强复合材料的机械性能.与Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx/ENR弹性体相比,FMDE的最大拉伸强度和韧性分别提高了~306%和~475%.此外,借助ENR胶乳的体积排斥效应构建的3D隔离导电网络,以及引入的磁性Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒有效地改善了FMDE的电磁屏蔽性能,且证实了FMDE在反复弯曲拉伸后仍具有稳定的电磁屏蔽能力.

摘要：借助于遗传算法的求解功能和特点,将客运专线旅客列车开行方案优化问题描述为对列车运行网络客流分配的寻优。最优的列车开行方案对应于最优的客流分配方案。首先,针对任意的列车开行方案,构建费用—容量运行网络,并通过该网络的最小费用流描述最优客流分配方案,用运行网络中客流分配的最小费用作为个体适应值函数;而后,考虑到网络中列车保本定员限制所产生大量不可行个体的优良遗传信息,设计出求解直线型客运专线单方向旅客列车开行方案优化问题的协同对称群体交叉遗传算法,并进一步将其推广到网状客运专线上。研究发现:可以将开行方案编码的个体描述为含有阶跃容量限制的费用—容量网络,个体的适应值对应于该网络的最小费用流;在非能力过剩网络中,不会出现违反阶跃容量限制的可行流,并且可以通过控制网络容量,避免产生固定费用和负费用。