摘要：Phase transformation of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials can lead to significant changes in electronic and optical properties,which enables the development of novel *** strategies for phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials have drawn considerable attention in recent *** review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in the phase transformation of 2D nanomaterials and their catalytic ***,the basic concepts of phase transformation and the outstanding electronic and optical properties induced by phase transformation are briefly ***,different strategies for achieving phase transformation are discussed in detail and classified into several types based on their characteristics,including(i)doping,(ii)external fields,(iii)optical irradiation,(iv)strain effect,(v)high-energy particle excitation,and(vi)thermal *** applications of 2D nanomaterials in catalysis based on phase transformation have also been ***,a summary of the technical challenges to phase control in 2D nanomaterials and potential opportunities for developing novel applications is presented.

摘要：Transparent conductive films are used ubiquitously in optoelectronic *** properties of transparent films are extremely important for device performance,and the specifications vary according to types of *** the past few years,various types of transparent conductive films on the basis of nanomaterials have emerged,and among these materials,silver nanowire networks show promising performance and represent a viable alternative to the commonly used,scarce and brittle indium tin *** this paper,the working principle and the design protocol of Ag nanowire network flexible transparent conductive films are reviewed,and the applications of Ag nanowircs transparent conductive film are also briefly *** remarks are provided to propose future research in this field towards real-world applications.

摘要：Anisotropic polyaniline （PAni） plates decorated with self-aligned nanofiber arrays were synthesized under the hydrothermaI conditions. The formation mechanism of the self-assembled structures was investigated by studying the effect on PAni micro-structure with additive electrolyte in reaction system, and numerical simulation for dependence of systematic electrostatic energy on cross angles of self-assembled nanofiber arrays in grid textured PAni plates. It is proposed that the electrostatic interaction based on ionic doping charges plays an important role in the formation of the self-assembled PAni structures.

摘要：The physics that associated with the performance of lithium secondary batteries(LSB)are *** key physical problems in LSB include the electronic conduction mechanism,kinetics and thermodynamics of lithium ion migration,electrode/electrolyte surface/interface,structural(phase)and thermodynamics stability of the electrode materials,physics of intercalation and *** relationship between the physical/chemical nature of the LSB materials and the batteries performance is summarized and discussed.A general thread of computational materials design for LSB materials is emphasized concerning all the discussed physics *** order to fasten the progress of the new materials discovery and design for the next generation LSB,the Materials Genome Initiative(MGI)for LSB materials is a promising strategy and the related requirements are highlighted.

摘要：Both the academic society and the industry are hunting for new energy forms for the ***,the world should not forget the conventional technologies that contribute to the sustainable society by technical *** them,lubrication plays a significant role in energy saving and in low CO2emission by increasing the fuel efficiency and by prolonging the service life of *** the advance of novel synthetic approaches,and nanoscience and technologies,novel lubrication oils and additives and their formulations are being developed to reduce friction and wear,and novel surface treatment routes and surface coatings are invented and provide more efficient *** technologies create tremendous chances for machines to work more efficiently with low energy *** we review the recent progresses and challenges associated with some novel lubrication techniques that include novel surface treatment(such as texturing,high-performance nanocomposite coatings,adapting coating),tribology design(solid and liquid lubrication),energy-conserving engine oil and novel lubricants and formula(such as ionic liquids,low S,P content additives)which are to be adopted to enhance the fuel efficiency to achieve energy saving and low carbon *** is increased demand to replace fossil lubricants by degradable green *** designed coatings can reduce drag significantly during navigation of both airplanes and *** these aspects will be also reviewed in the paper.

摘要：Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense ***,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface *** paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory *** strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic *** details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled *** corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of *** addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are ***,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.

摘要：In this paper a fast digital real-time spectrometer was developed for timing and analysis of nuclear pulse signals. The hardware system design and algorithm implementation with field-programming gate array （FPGA） and digital signal processor （DSP） were introduced. The performance of the digital constant fraction discrimination （dCFD） platform was experimentally tested with Agilent 80 MHz function/arbitrary waveform generator and LaC13：Ce3＋ scintillator detector for 22Na positron annihilation gamma spectroscopy. The amplitude and time information of ＂/photon was online obtained. The energy resolution could be 5.525% and the timing resolution 293.75 ps, the system error estimation of dCFD approach was also studied. The results showed that this spectrometer achieved a timing resolution close to that of traditional CFD timing resolution with a more sim- plified system structure.

摘要：Hydrogels are a class of special materials that contain a large amount of water and behave like *** materials have found broad applications in tissue engineering,cell culturing,regenerative medicine ***,the exploration of peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels has greatly expanded the repertoire of hydrogels suitable for biomedical ***,the mechanical properties of peptide-based hydrogels are intrinsically ***,it is crucial to develop methods that can improve the mechanical stability of such peptide-based *** this review,we explore the factors that determine or influence the mechanical stability of peptide-based hydrogels and summarize several key elements that may guide scientists to achieve mechanically improved *** addition,we exemplified several methods that have been successfully developed to prepare hydrogels with enhanced mechanical *** mechanically strong peptide-based hydrogels may find broad applications as novel *** is still challenging to engineer hydrogels in order to mimic the mechanical properties of biological *** hydrogel materials with optimal mechanical properties suitable for various types of biological applications will be available in the near future.

摘要：The slippery liquid-infused porous surface(s)(SLIPS)that imitates the Nepenthes pitcher plant has proven to be highly versatile and can be combined with various surface characteristics such as dynamic response,antifouling,selective adhesion,and optical/mechanical *** addition,the introduction of a lubricating fluid layer also gives it extremely low contact angle hysteresis and self-repairing properties,which further expands its application ***,SLIPS has been proven to be suitable for many frontier fields such as aerospace,communications,biomedicine,and microfluidic *** this review,we explain the theoretical background of SLIPS and the preparation methods currently available,including the choice of substrate materials and lubricants,and we discuss the design parameters of the liquid injection surface and how to deal with the consumption of lubricants in practical *** addition,the paper focuses on current and potential applications,such as preventing pathogen contamination of and blood adhesion of medical equipment,manipulation of tiny droplets,and directional transportation of ***,some weaknesses that appear when SLIPS is used in these applications are pointed out,which provides a new perspective for the development of SLIPS in the future.

摘要：The protein-based molecular recognition of the adenine ring is essential to understand protein function and drug design as *** this paper,a variety of the adenine-based inhibitors with modified groups of amino groups,nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the aromatic ring are designed,and the binding capability of these adenosine analogues with an aminoglycoside antibiotic kinase [APH(3')-IIIa] are investigated with activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC) experiments.1-aminoisoquinoline is one of the weakest substrates bound to APH(3')-IIIa with the lowest affinity(high ki and high kd) and the smallest negative value of free energy change(G) among the inhibitors *** binding process of adenine and 5-nitroisoquinoline to APH(3')-IIIa is an enthalpy-driven event with unfavorable entropy,which is consistent with the energy change induced by the binding of ATP to the ***,the reverse is true for 1-aminoisoquinoline,3-amino-5-nitrobenzisothiazole,5-aminoisoquinoline binding to the enzyme because the entropy is more favorable and the enthalpy makes a lower contribution to the binding *** results suggest that small changes of the adenine ring can lead to significant influence on the ability of these analogues to occupy the adenine-binding region of the enzyme,which can be the potential inhibitors as drug candidates against the bacterial resistance.