摘要：A reasonable design strategy to improve the utilization of noble metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is crucial to simplify the process flow and accelerate the future renewable energy ***,abundant defects were created on 2.4-nm Ru nanoparticles to achieve unprecedently high mass-specific reactivity in harsh acidic and alkaline *** obtained defect-enriched Ru(DR-Ru)exhibits an ultrahigh HER turnover frequency of16.4 s^(-1)with a 100-mV overpotential in alkaline media,and it also retains an excellent value of 20.6 s^(-1)in acidic media;these results are superior to those reported for other Ru ***,a record-low loading of 2.5μg cm^(-2)for the DR-Ru catalysts and low overpotentials of 28.2 and 25.1 mV at10 mA cm^(-2)can be realized in alkaline and acidic media,***,the less coordinated Ru surface sites and partial lattice oxygen introduction weaken the bonding between H and DR-Ru catalysts,facilitate fast acidic HERkinetics and help dissociate the water molecule to overcome the major challenge of HER in alkaline electrolytes,leading to an activity comparable to that under acidic *** result provides a guideline for defect engineering on noble metal nanocatalysts to effectively improve the utilization of the catalysts and optimize reactivities.

摘要：Determining the importance ratings of technical characteristics is a typical group decision-making process. The linguistic-based approach can effectively manage the imprecise and multi-granularity information i;n quality function deployment and facilitate decision-making in deriving the importance ratings. Based on the linguistic weighted averaging （LWA） operator and the linguistic hybrid averaging （LHA） operator, a practical approach is proposed to first aggregate the individual judgments into a collective value for each technical characteristic under linguistic environment, and then measure the deviation degree of linguistic variables to obtain the importance ratings of technical characteristics. A case study shows the application of the proposed method.

摘要：Integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) is an emerging discipline that can speed up product development by unifying material, design, fabrication, and computational power in a virtual environment. Developing and adapting ICME in industries is a grand challenge technically and culturally. To help develop a strategy for development of this new technology area, an ICME approach was proposed and implemented in optimizing thin welded structure design. The key component in this approach is a database which includes material properties, static strength, impact strength, and failure parameters for a weld. The heat source models, microstructure model, and thermo-mechanical model involved in ICME for welding simulation were discussed. The shell elements representing method for a fusion weld were introduced in details for a butt joint, lap joint, and a Tee joint. Using one or multiple solid elements representing a spot weld in a shell model was also discussed. Database building methods for resistance spot welding and fusion welding have been developed.

摘要：A series of novel naphthalimide-derived metronidazoles as new type of antimicrobial agents were for the first time designed, synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and HRMS spectra. Experimental results revealed that most of them displayed moderate to good antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Especially, compound 7b was able to not only exhibit effective inhibition towards the growth of P. vulgaris（MIC = 0.002 mmol/m L） and S. dysenteriae（MIC = 0.01 mmol/m L）, but also have rapidly killing effect and prevent the development of bacterial resistance. Further research revealed that the highly active molecule 7b could not only intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form a steady supramolecular complex and thus might block DNA replication to exert the powerful bioactivities, but also be effectively transported by human serum albumin（HSA） via the formation of the 1：1supramolecular complex, in which hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic effect played important roles in the association of compound 7b with HSA. Molecular docking indicated that the supramolecular interactions between 7b and topoisomerase II were driven by hydrogen bonds.

摘要：Chinese traditional culture is a valuable asset, and we must continue to inherit and carry forward the fine traditional culture of the Chinese nation. This paper discusses the impact of packaging design in aspects of colors, graphics, materials, one by one. Color is the most direct visual language, giving a deep impression. The use of traditional patterns can reflect the national spirit and national culture. People can also generate intimacy, affecting the consumer＇ s desire to purchase. The national characteristic of the goods has a strong aesthetic characteristic, can reflect national pride. Traditional culture input a lot of fresh blood into China＇ s packaging design, with the combination of modem packaging. China＇ s Marriage is formed in a long historical and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation; its source can be traced back several hundred thousand years ago. But the wedding industry rises in recent decades, with the rapid social development of new era, commercial activities have become increasingly frequent, wedding gift packaging design requirements have been increased from the basic material needs to spiritual needs. I think if the wedding gift wrapping design wants to be competitive on the market; it needs to create a new personal design philosophy.

摘要：Understanding the influence of purities on the electrochemical performance of pure aluminum(Al)in alkaline media for Al–air batteries is ***,we comprehensively investigate secondary phase precipitate(SPP)-induced localized corrosion of pure Al in NaOH solution mainly based on quasi-in-situ and cross-section observations under scanning electron microscopy coupled with finite element *** experimental results indicate that Al–Fe SPPs appear as clusters and are coherent with the Al *** alkaline media,Al–Fe SPPs exhibit more positive potentials than the substrate,thus aggravating localized galvanic corrosion as cathodic ***,finite element simulation indicates that the irregular geometry coupled with potential difference produces the non-uniform current density distribution inside the SPP cluster,and the current density on the Al substrate gradually decreases with distance.

摘要：借助于遗传算法的求解功能和特点,将客运专线旅客列车开行方案优化问题描述为对列车运行网络客流分配的寻优。最优的列车开行方案对应于最优的客流分配方案。首先,针对任意的列车开行方案,构建费用—容量运行网络,并通过该网络的最小费用流描述最优客流分配方案,用运行网络中客流分配的最小费用作为个体适应值函数;而后,考虑到网络中列车保本定员限制所产生大量不可行个体的优良遗传信息,设计出求解直线型客运专线单方向旅客列车开行方案优化问题的协同对称群体交叉遗传算法,并进一步将其推广到网状客运专线上。研究发现:可以将开行方案编码的个体描述为含有阶跃容量限制的费用—容量网络,个体的适应值对应于该网络的最小费用流;在非能力过剩网络中,不会出现违反阶跃容量限制的可行流,并且可以通过控制网络容量,避免产生固定费用和负费用。

摘要：通过分子动力学模拟研究了纳米多晶316L奥氏体不锈钢在不同峰值应力下的高温蠕变变形行为和蠕变机制.数值模拟结果表明纳米多晶316L奥氏体不锈钢的高温蠕变变形是由位错、晶粒内部和晶界扩散以及晶界滑移之间的交互作用引起.在初始蠕变和稳态蠕变阶段,纳米多晶316L奥氏体不锈钢高温蠕变的主导性机制是晶粒内部和晶界的扩散以及晶界的滑移.在加速蠕变阶段,一些晶界被摧毁后,位错滑移成为纳米多晶316L奥氏体不锈钢的主要蠕变机制.这项工作旨在揭示纳米多晶316L奥氏体不锈钢的高温蠕变机理,为增强型抗蠕变316L奥氏体不锈钢的设计和制造提供指导.

摘要：In measurement system by means of pulse laser, such as plasma measuring, laser ranging, the amplitude of echoed laser wave is very weak and difficult to detect by traditional analog electronic technology. A digital high speed data acquisition and processing system was designed to meet the accuracy requirement. It adopted high speed AD chip and advantage FPGA chip as core unit. Experiment results have verified this system can reach to 1GHz sample rate and can catch weak echo wave effectively and the measuring accuracy is improved markedly.

摘要：Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) has become a frequently used technique to measure the uniaxial compressive stress-strain relation of various engineering materials at high strain-rates. The accuracy of an SHPB test is based on the assumption of uniaxial and uniform stress distribution within the specimen, which, however, is not always satisfied in an actual SHPB test due to the existence of some unavoidable negative factors, e.g., interface friction constrains. Kinetic interface friction tests based on a simple device for engineering materials testing on SHPB tests are performed. A kinetic interface friction model is proposed and validated by implementing it into a numerical model. It shows that the proposed simple device is sufficient to obtain kinetic interface friction results for common SHPB tests. The kinetic friction model should be used instead of the frequently used constant friction model for more accurate numerical simulation of SHPB tests.