摘要：Solar‐energy‐driven catalytic CO_(2) reduction for the production of value‐added carbon‐based materials and chemical raw materials has attracted great interest to alleviate the global climate change and energy *** production of multicarbon(C2)products through CO_(2) reduction is extremely attractive,however,the yield and selectivity of C2 products remain low because of the low reaction temperature required and the low photoelectron density of the ***,we introduce WO3–x,which contains oxygen vacancies and exhibits an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency,to improve the generation of C2 products(C2H4 and C2H6)under simulated sunlight(UV‐Vis‐IR)***3–x produced 5.30 and 0.93μmol·g^(–1)C2H4 and C2H6,respectively,after 4 h,with a selectivity exceeding 34%.In situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations showed that the oxygen vacancies enhanced the water activation and hydrogenation of adsorbed CO for the formation of C2 products via C–C coupling from CH2/CH3 *** findings of this study could assist in the design of highly active solar‐energy‐driven catalysts to produce C–C coupling products through CO2 reduction.

摘要：Shallow soil with low water availability is the key limiting factor for plant growth and reproduction in vulnerable karst *** herbs are pioneers adapted to these areas;however,little is known about the responses of their seeds and infructescence,and the germination of their offspring to these limited water and soil *** this study,we investigated how the seed and fruiting phenology plasticity and offspring seed germination rates of two annual Asteraceae herbs(Xanthium sibiricum and Bidens pilosa)respond to the harsh karst soil environment,by assessing the seed number,seed biomass and offspring seed germination *** and *** were grown under three soil thicknesses and three water availability levels in a full two-way randomized block *** key results were as follows:(1)The number and biomass of progenies(infructescence and seeds)of *** decreased with the decline of soil thickness and/or water availability(P<0.05).The infructescence and seed biomass of *** increased with the decline of water availability.(2)Seed quantity and seed biomass of *** showed no correlation after their parents experienced resource reductions.A significant positive relationship between seed number and seed biomass was observed in ***(P<0.05).(3)The offspring seed germination rate of *** did not change with the decrease of soil thickness under three levels of water ***,the offspring seed germination rate of *** decreased significantly with the decrease of soil thickness under the control water level(P<0.05).The results show that *** tends to improve its competitiveness by ensuring the quantity and quality of offspring in order to adapt to the shallow karst soils and dry karst *** contrast,*** adapts to the unfavorable karst habitats by a risk-sharing *** produces more and bigger seeds to in an attempt to expand its survival range and escape from the unfavorable living

摘要：青藏高原东部的高山森林是长江上游的重要生态屏障。然而,由于近几十年来持续的高强度采伐,大量的人工种植,以及完全的禁伐等措施,导致树木种类与年龄结构变得相对单一,生物多样性和生态功能都有所下降。为设计有效的森林管理方案,以优化森林结构,提高森林碳汇能力,本研究以四川茂县为研究地点,利用LANDIS-II模型对6种不同强度的森林管理方案(采伐、种植)进行测试,模拟和比较了这些方案与当前管理方案在未来100年间森林地上固碳速率的差异。研究结果表明:(i)与目前的管理方案相比,不同强度的采伐和种植明显改变了森林地上固碳速率;(ii)不同群落对管理方案的反应不同,不同的管理方案对寒温带针叶林和温带针叶林的地上固碳速率有显著的影响(P<0.05),但对阔叶林影响较小;(iii)应综合物种、群落和景观3个层面全面考虑森林管理方案。这些结果说明,在研究地点实施较长的采伐和种植间隔(20年)可以最大限度地提高森林的地上固碳速率。该研究为评估森林管理方案在恢复森林生态和增加碳汇功能的能力,以及为在青藏高原东部地区选择有效的森林管理方案提供了重要参考。

摘要：受到水合镁离子的高脱溶能垒和不良界面水分解行为的限制,水系镁离子电池通常受制于缓慢的离子传输动力学和严重的阴极溶解.为了克服这些障碍,受细胞膜两亲性结构的启发,我们成功构建了一种由疏水性聚(3,4-乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)和亲水性α-MnO_(2)基底组成的MnO_(2)碳基阴极.结合实验和理论计算结果分析,PEDOT层可以有效提高整体电极的导电性,降低水合Mg^(2+)的脱溶能垒,并抑制阴极溶解,从而提高复合电极的性能.因此,本文所制备的复合电极表现出优越的速率性能(58.4mA hg^(-1),3Ag^(-1))和增强的长期循环稳定性(1000个循环后85.92mA hg^(-1),2Ag^(-1)),优于原始的α-MnO_(2)阴极.这项基于生物启发设计理念的工作将为水合镁离子电池的发展提供创新方向.

摘要：Correction to:Measuring Teacher Sense of Efficacy:Insights and Recommendations Concerning Scale Design and Data Analysis from Research with Preservice and Inservice Teachers in China DOI:https://***/10.1007/s11516-019-0029-1 Authors:Kang Ma,Robert Trevethan,Shuhong Lu The article Measuring Teacher Sense of Efficacy:Insights and Recommendations Concerning Scale Design and Data Analysis from Research with Preservice and Inservice Teachers in China written by Kang Ma,Robert Trevethan and Shuhong Lu,was originally published on vol.14,no.4 of Frontier of Education in China without Open Access.

摘要：Brain growth charts and age-normed brain templates are essential resources for researchers to eventually contribute to the care of individuals with atypical developmental *** present work generates age-normed brain templates for children and adolescents at one-year intervals and the corresponding growth charts to investigate the influences of age and ethnicity using a common pediatric neuroimaging *** accelerated longitudinal cohorts with the identical experimental design were implemented in the United States and *** magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of typically developing school-age children(TDC)was obtained up to three times at nominal intervals of1.25 *** protocol generated and compared population-and age-specific brain templates and growth charts,respectively.A total of 674 Chinese pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 457 Chinese TDC and 190 American pediatric MRI scans were obtained from 133 American ***-and age-specific brain templates were used to quantify warp cost,the differences between individual brains and brain *** growth charts for labeled brain network areas were *** analyses of cost functions supported the necessity of age-specific and ethnicitymatched brain templates,which was confirmed by growth chart *** analyses revealed volumetric growth differences between the two ethnicities primarily in lateral frontal and parietal areas,regions which are most variable across individuals in regard to their structure and ***-and ethnicity-specific brain templates facilitate establishing unbiased pediatric brain growth charts,indicating the necessity of the brain charts and brain templates generated in *** templates and growth charts as well as related codes have been made freely available to the public for open neuroscience(https://***/zuoxinian/CCS/tree/master/H3/Growth Charts).

摘要：【Objective】To optimize the steam explosion process condition for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla.【Method】The effects of steam pressure,pressure-maintaining time and material moisture content on the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla were studied by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design.【Result】The findings showed that each factor could significantly affect the test index,and the optimum condition was as follows:steam pressure 1.50 Mpa,pressuremaintaining time 46 s and material moisture content 46%.Under this condition,the verified experimental value of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla was 39.32%,indicating a relative standard deviation of 2.73%from the predictive ***,scanning electron microcopy(SEM)images showed that the surface physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was irregularly broken and cracked,which means the physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was changed and destroyed at the cellular level.【Conclusion】This experiment provides a new approach for the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla,as well as a reference for the resource utilization of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.